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建立人际资源圈Analysis of International Decision Making Theories from Cuban Missile Crisis -澳洲代写
2017-06-02 来源: 51due教员组 类别: 更多范文
本篇Analysis of International Decision Making Theories from Cuban Missile Crisis -澳洲代写讲了1962年发生在加勒比地区发生的世界震惊的古巴导弹危机。这场危机几乎引发了核战争，这将使世界陷入困境。人类进入核时代，在军备竞赛和美苏之间的世界霸权斗争中，没有什么其他的危机也不会那么激动和可怕。在冷战的漫长岁月里，美国曾经有四次使用核弹的想法。本篇澳洲代写由51due论文代写机构整理，供大家参考阅读。
The world is a stage. All countries are actors of the drama. There are some transnational actors with big influence in the drama can shape the trends that are transforming world politics. The perspective of realism stresses that actors always pursuit their own interests by building strong armies to enhance national security. They carry out endless competition for power and security, emphasize the ruthless nature of international life and the strong can dominate the week. No one could challenge their authority. Taking Cuban Missile crisis for example, the action of United State and Soviet Union is the reflection of realism international relations. The Battle of Giron Beach of 1961 is the blasting fuse of this crisis. After Battle of Giron Beach, United States regarded Cuba as springboard for Soviet Union’s expansion in western hemisphere, so it was further intensified with the hostile policy to Cuba. Since the breakup between United State and Cuba, Soviet Union stepped up with speed to improve relations with Cuba, and gave support in politics, diplomacy and economy. On 31th August 1962, the pictures taken by reconnaissance plane of United States showed that Cuba began to install air defense missile of Soviet Union, and saw Soviet Union ships that used to carry surface-to-surface missile to Cuba. On 4th September, the White House announced a statement that confirmed Soviet Union’s military aid to Cuba. Soviet Union denied the comment and report from United States. Khrushchev wrote to Kennedy to promise that Soviet Union would not do anything that could destroy international relations and bilateral relations before mid-term congressional election in United States. Kennedy stressed that once Cuba’s missile threatened United Stated security or Cuba became Soviet Union’s base to attack western hemisphere, United States would take measures to defense themselves. In October, there were constantly reports about the build of medium-range missile base in Cuban by Soviet Union. Kennedy government strengthened aerial reconnaissance and surveillance to Cuban. On 22th October, when United States controlled the evidence of the build of medium-range missile base, Secretary Rusk informed Soviet Union the blockade decision to Cuba. On 24th October, fleets of United States drove into blockade zone. Later United State gathered the largest landing force after World WarⅡand the strategic air command entered into readiness state. At the same time, United State also conducted a series of diplomatic activities to obtain support from the allies and international society. Facing with Kennedy’s blockade and threat, Soviet Union’s attitude had great change. At first, Soviet Union didn’t accept the blockade document and strongly condemned United States’ aggression to Cuba. Meanwhile, Soviet Union speeded up the build of missile base in Cuba. In the early period, both super countries didn't want to make any concession. Cuba is very close to United States. United States always treat Latin America as its backyard, so United States would not let any other country, especially Soviet Union, have any attempt to Cuba. On the other side, Soviet Union wanted to take Cuba as the springboard to expand its powder in western hemisphere. One of the main reasons that Soviet Union decided to build missile base in Cuba is that it wanted to restore balance in arms race. Both countries refused to give up Cuba and involved in the state of security dilemma. The situation was quite tense and the world was in the edge of war. From the perspective of realism, when countries pursued maximum security, it would lead to the pursuit for greater power, which surely brought insecurity to other countries, and finally upgraded to conflict or war.
In the later period, as the conflict escalated, United States and Soviet Union gradually realized that confrontation was not the wise choice for them. They might not realize that their perspective of dealing with the missile crisis had changed from realism to liberalism. A belief in reason and the possibility of progress is the core thought of liberalism. Wherein, liberals emphasize ethical principle over pursuing power, and institutions over the military capabilities. In international affairs, liberalism expects increasing cooperation and progress. At the global level, politics becomes more a struggle for mutual gain and consensus than a struggle for prestige and power. Refer to Cuban Missile crisis, on 27th October, United States carried out a carrier rocket test, and the navy threw depth charges to one nuclear submarine of Soviet Union. On the same day, a SA-2 anti-aircraft missile hit an American U-2 reconnaissance plane over Cuba. The whole world believed that World WarⅢwould be inevitable. But Kennedy decided not to revenge and agreed to negotiate. The day before, Khrushchev wrote to Kennedy and said if United States promised not to invade Cuba, Soviet Union would withdraw missiles. On Kennedy’s letters to Khrushchev, he said that if Soviet Union withdrew weapon system from Cuba under the observation and monitor of the United Nations and promised not to attack Cuba, United States would agree to cancel the enforced isolation measure to Cuba. On 28th October, on Khrushchev’s public reply to Kennedy by radio, he made condemn United States for the invasion to Soviet Union and Cuba’s airspace, but he would like to exchange views with Kennedy on easing international tensions. In the end, Soviet Union government ordered to withdraw missiles from Cuba. Both United States and Soviet Union took actions to keep commitment and solved Cuban Missile crisis peacefully.
If two leaders took different theoretical framework, Cuban Missile crisis could not be solved peacefully and the war between United States and Soviet Union would be inevitable, which would be a huge disaster to the whole world. Once two super countries stuck to the perspective of realism to settle international conflict in order to protect country security and pursue power at the greatest extent, American army might have landed in Cuba, and Khrushchev would attack Turkey as Kennedy predicted. The war between these countries would break out in the world. Even worse, if United States and Soviet Union used nuclear missile at the war, the result would be unimaginable. At some extent, Khrushchev and Kennedy had predicted these dangers and could not use nuclear weapon without specific permission from government.
The amicable settlement of Cuban Missile crisis was not the end of Cold War. It promoted Soviet Union to develop nuclear weapon rapidly in order to change disadvantage and realize balance of power with United States. After the crisis, actors strengthened arms race, but a set of increasingly perfect system began to deal with it. Some formal agreements made race realize legalization. There is no any theory can be fully application in dealing with international relations. The theories that used to solve conflict and crisis still need further development and improvement.
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