Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, and Suicide Prevention--论文代写范文

预防包括早期建立行为健康习惯，在不良行为发生前提供具体补救程序。预防依赖于关心和积极的努力,包括估计他们处理压力的能力,并提供一个积极的、有凝聚力的环境。下面的论文代写范文进行论述。

The Army Suicide Prevention Program 
  The Army Suicide Prevention Program (ASPP), a proponent of Deputy Chief of Staff, G–1 (DCS, G–1), has an Armywide commitment to provide resources for suicide intervention skills, prevention, and follow-up in an effort to reduce the occurrence of suicidal behavior across the Army enterprise. The ASPP manager also serves as a member of the Department of Defense (DOD) Suicide Prevention and Risk Reduction Committee and subcommittees to ensure the ASPP is aligned with the Defense Centers of Excellence. The ASPP develops initiatives to tailor and target policies, programs, and training in order to mitigate risk and behavior associated with suicide. A function of the ASPP is to track demographic data on suicidal behaviors to assist Army leaders in the identification of trends. The goal is to minimize suicidal behavior by reducing the risk of suicide for Active Army and Reserve Component Soldiers, Army Civilians, and Army Family members. The ASPP establishes a community approach to reduce Army suicides through the function of the Community Health Promotion Council (CHPC). 

  The CHPC integrates multidisciplinary capabilities to assist commanders in implementing local suicide prevention programs, and establishes the importance of early identification of, and intervention with, problems that detract from personal and unit readiness. The ASPP has three principal phases or categories of activities to mitigate the risk and impact of suicidal behaviors: prevention, intervention, and postvention. b. Prevention focuses on preventing normal life stressors from turning into life crises. Prevention programming focuses on equipping the Soldiers, Army Civilians, and Family members with coping skills to handle overwhelming life circumstances. Prevention includes early screening to establish baseline behavioral health and to offer specific remedial programs before dysfunctional behavior occurs. Prevention is dependent upon caring and proactive unit leaders and managers who make the effort to know their personnel, including estimating their ability to handle stress, and who offer a positive, cohesive environment which nurtures, and develops positive life-coping skills. 

  These “gatekeepers” serve as the first line of defense to mitigate risk (see glossary for “gatekeeper” explanation). Prevention plays a crucial role in mitigating issues before intervention becomes necessary. c. Intervention includes alteration of the conditions that produced the current crisis, treatment of underlying psychiatric disorder(s) that contributed to suicidal thoughts, and follow-up care to assure problem resolution. This includes measures taken to ensure safe environments, to include the use of a buddy system or Unit Watch. Commanders play an integral part during this phase, as it is their responsibility to ensure access to appropriate health care and ensure the safety of assigned personnel. d. Postvention is required when an individual has attempted or completed a suicide. After an attempt, commanders, noncommissioned officers (NCOs), and installation gatekeepers should take steps to secure and protect such individuals before they can cause additional harm to themselves or harm others. Postvention activities also include unit-level interventions following completed suicidal acts, to minimize psychological reactions to the event, prevent or minimize potential for suicide contagion, strengthen unit cohesion, and promote continued mission readiness. 

 Army Suicide Prevention Program strategy 
a. The strategy and supporting elements of the ASPP are based on the premise that suicide prevention is accomplished by leaders through command policy and action. The key to the prevention of suicide is positive leadership and deep concern by supervisors of military personnel and Army Civilian employees who are at increased risk of suicide. 
b. It is the Army’s goal to prevent suicide among Soldiers, Army Civilians, and Family members. However, in some instances, suicidal intent is very difficult to identify or predict, even for a behavioral health professional. Suicides may still occur even in units with the best leadership climate and most efficient crisis intervention and suicide prevention programs. Therefore, it is important to redefine the goal of suicide prevention as being suicide risk reduction. Suicide risk reduction consists of reasonable steps taken to lower the probability that an individual may engage in acts of selfdestructive behavior. 
c. The ASPP provides support for commanders to lower the risk of suicide for Soldiers, Army Civilians, and Family members. d. The ASPP ensures that the effectiveness and implementation of programs are supported by the best available scientific research by comparing them to the Army Institute of Public Health’s standards of evidence-based practice for health promotion programs or other registries of effective public health programs.

 Suicide prevention 
  Suicide prevention is a continuum of awareness, intervention, and postvention to help save lives. Prevention refers to all efforts that build resilience, reduce stigma, and build awareness of suicide and related behaviors. Ultimately, the goal of prevention is to develop healthy, resilient Soldiers to the state that suicide is not an option. Prevention focuses on reducing life stressors and intervening when life crises become so overwhelming that suicide becomes a serious consideration. It is important to establish a culture that reinforces and normalizes help-seeking behavior as an appropriate and generally accepted part of being responsible. Training can be provided to improve intervention skills, increase knowledge, and build confidence in Soldiers to respond appropriately to a suicidal threat.

 Life skills and resiliency 
a. Resiliency-building programs help Soldiers and Families develop life skills and directly impact the success of suicide prevention efforts by enhancing protective factors and mitigating stressors at the earliest stages. Life skills classes are available on a wide variety of subjects, to include couples communication, child rearing, money management, stress management, conflict resolution, anger management, and problem-solving. Commanders at all levels are encouraged to work with Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness (CSF2), ACS and local agencies to make these classes available to Soldiers and Families. Soldier resiliency is a combination of factors, including a sense of belonging in the unit, having inner strength to face adversity and fears, connecting with buddies, maintaining caring and supportive relationships within and outside the Family, maintaining a positive view of self, having confidence in strengths and abilities to function as a Soldier, and managing strong feelings and impulses.

 Suicide intervention 
a. Intervention attempts to prevent a life crisis or behavioral disorder from leading to suicidal behavior, and includes managing suicidal thoughts that may arise. At its most basic level, intervention may simply include listening, showing empathy, and escorting a person to a helping agency. This is something that can be done by any Soldiers, Army Civilians, and Family members with minimal training at the unit level. Army-approved training for this level includes suicide prevention training (ACE) programs for Soldiers, leaders, Army Civilians, and Families. 
b. Intervention may also include the use of more advanced skills by trained personnel who are capable of providing a greater level of crisis intervention, screening, care, and referral. All company-level junior leaders and first-line supervisors may receive training in intervention that enhances skills, knowledge, and confidence to intervene in a crisis. This training can take many forms, from specified suicide intervention training to broader crisis intervention training. The approved Army program for suicide intervention training is the 4-hour ACE–Suicide Intervention (SI) training. 
c. An even greater level of intervention is provided by formally trained gatekeepers. Primary gatekeepers can be chaplains, FAP workers, and health care personnel whose primary duties involve assisting people who are more susceptible to suicidal ideation. Secondary gatekeepers are personnel who, by the nature of their job, may come in contact with a person at risk. These can include law enforcement, inspectors general, and Red Cross staff members.(论文代写)

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