Cross-border development of economic cooperation zone--Essay代写范文

Essay代写范文:“Cross-border development of economic cooperation zone”，这篇论文主要描述的是跨境经济合作区主要是指在两国国家相邻的地区划定区域共同经营，这种区域具有一定的财政税收政策支持的优势，能够吸引到不少的人力物力和财力，主要以中小型企业为主，促进该地区的经济发展并产生辐射效应带动周边地区经济的发展，真正达到优势互补的作用。

I. Overview

Cross-border economic cooperation zones in border areas between the two countries is based on the characteristics and advantages of opening up to delineate specific areas, giving the region a special finance, taxation, investment and trade, and supporting industrial policy, and border areas under special customs zone supervision, attractive flow, logistics, capital flow, technology flow, information flow, and other factors of production in this gathering, through the border on both sides of the docking area, on both sides of the border areas to achieve fully interactive and complementary advantages, to achieve accelerated development of the region, and then through radiation effects driven development of surrounding areas.

(A) the characteristics of cross-border regional cooperation

Cross-border regional cooperation is mainly focused on regional development and comparative advantage of the play, in order to promote local development as the goal. Co-participants, mostly two or more adjacent parts of the border economy in the customs territory, such as the European region on the Rhine, the Kazakstan International Border Cooperation Center. All have economies with the other part of the customs territory of the customs territory of the case for cross-border cooperation, such as Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia, a new soft one LIAO Cheng Yangtze River Delta. Although most cases both cooperation mechanisms exist, but often did not reach a formal, binding agreement requires participants to implement their own policies to facilitate cooperation.

(Two) the main body of cross-border economic cooperation zone

From the current domestic and international cross-border economic cooperation zone model actors division, mainly includes four aspects: cooperation zone central government authority is also determined by its construction of ideas and development prospects. Local governments are the main regional economic cooperation represents the interests of and adjacent to the State and its local governments signed a cooperation agreement and the implementation of specific collaborative management. International and regional organizations are co-district advocates. Can play a coordination role in providing technical and financial cooperation process is very much needed for their participation and support. Cooperation zone's core business is the construction elements. For many medium and small enterprises in the border regions, under the coordination of bilateral free trade arrangements, mainly based on location theory and transportation costs of the favorable conditions for expanding the scope of market and factor by stimulating cross-border economic projects and enterprises to invest in the tender, to achieve border foreign trade transformation.

(Three) cross-border economic cooperation zones Problems

Cross-border economic cooperation zones there are two main problems that restrict its development. The first is the problem of transferring sovereignty. Cross-border economic cooperation zone needs to break through the border barriers to the flow of factors of production, carried out on the basis of economic cooperation involves flow, logistics management, involving customs supervision, inspection and quarantine management, necessarily requires the mutual alienation between countries sovereignty. The alienation of national sovereignty is very sensitive and difficult, requiring a friendly political relations between countries and the high degree of mutual trust for the protection. This increases the cross-border economic cooperation zones difficult.

The second is the complexity of the operation. Cross-border economic cooperation zone construction and operation of a wide range of complex issues involved in customs supervision, estate planning, administration of justice, traffic management, in particular, need to reach agreement between the two countries. If handled properly, hampered the free movement of factors of production, it can not show the superiority of the zone.

Second, domestic and cross-border economic cooperation zones in comparison

Third, the Chinese characteristics of cross-border economic cooperation zone development strategy

Integrated foreign cross-border economic cooperation zone analysis and comparison of specific models, according to China's actual situation, supplemented by cross-border economic cooperation zones overseas advanced experience, standing on the development of economic cooperation zones in southwest China's perspective, we can conclude that with China characteristics of cross-border economic cooperation zone development strategy.

Chinese characteristic cross-border economic cooperation zones can be divided into two stages: the preparatory phase and the cooperation zone construction phase, the following for details:

Preparation stage

(A) conduct a feasibility analysis

Feasibility analysis focused on cross-border economic cooperation zone of choice, many factors must be taken into account and implemented step by step, so that a careful complex process.

First, considerations.

Development model

Development of cross-border economic cooperation zone mode selection with strong conditionality. Establishment of cross-border economic cooperation zones in countries not only to consider cross-border mutual good political relations, a solid economic and trade exchanges, and to have a solid hinterland support.

Judicial conditions

Cross-border economic cooperation zone construction necessarily involves national sovereignty, involving multi-sectoral and multi-field, two conditions need to be carefully studied, with special emphasis on international practice, the laws of their respective countries, land policy, taxation, and environmental impact assessments for sustainable development and so on.

Construction process

The operation of cross-border economic cooperation zones in many aspects involved in customs supervision, estate planning, standards harmonization, administrative and judicial management, little precedent to follow, in particular, need collaborative exchanges between the two countries, the need to explore gradually resolved .

Second, the choice of the zone.

Choice of cross-border economic cooperation zone should generally consider the following principles: First, cross-national political parties a good relationship, a strong desire to cross-border regional cooperation. Second, the election in the vicinity of the port, with a long history of cross-border exchanges of historical heritage, the best currently undergoing border trade and border economic and technical cooperation and other cross-border economic activity. Third, the location of the port economy is relatively developed, able to provide financial support for development cooperation zone.

Third, start the feasibility study and plan for the project.

Suggested in the province, state district planning and construction management agency set up cross-border economic cooperation zones in specialized research team to carry out cross-border cooperation zone feasibility study and start cross-border economic cooperation zone construction planning and special planning, reporting convergence and proceed as soon as possible to prepare work.

(Two) to determine the direction of development

First, the development of ideas.

Southwest region, is to cross-border economic cooperation zones as the Greater Mekong sub-regional cooperation, China - ASEAN Free Trade Area of ??the important cooperation project to promote and improve the efficiency of cooperation in border areas, greatly enhance border trade and investment freedom, for a Park policy and good development environment to attract investment, gathered economic resources, strengthen economic strength, build a connecting southwestern China with countries of transit trade and logistics hub, economic, trade and technical cooperation ties, promote bilateral cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit border region's economic prosperity and social development.

Second, the development path.

Construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones in areas bordering need the cooperation and interaction, bordering the national government needs the support and coordination, so the development of cross-border economic cooperation zones can have two paths:

First, relying on a unilateral border planning started to attract or encourage other border areas have also taken appropriate policies, and then through the negotiation and signing of agreements between countries to achieve the two cross-border economic cooperation zones docking operation. Second, the central government directly through bilateral negotiations and signed an agreement to jointly designate a certain area on both sides of the border planning and construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones.

According to China's cross-border economic cooperation zones in the concrete practice, in addition to the Kazakstan border cooperation centers are driven away by the state, the vast majority of the development of economic cooperation zones followed the path of the first model.

So, when in the border region to establish economic cooperation zones did not rise to the idea of ??the idea and the two heads of state action, when China's border areas should take the initiative, and actively carry out the construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones preliminary work, vigorously development of border trade and regional cooperation, when all the preparations have been implemented, when the construction of cross-border economic cooperation zones is straightforward.

Third, in order to establish the basis for sustainable development of the green economy development model.

Typically, the construction of various large-scale development projects, will make the destruction of forest vegetation, biodiversity loss, soil erosion and natural disasters intensified. Considering Southwest "Kingdom of Plants" and "Animal Kingdom" special circumstances, we establish cross-border economic cooperation based on sustainable development ecological development model to achieve human - ecological - environmental development. This pattern of development is not only the most scientific and effective, but also to dispel the state's economic construction will destroy valuable natural resources Southwest concerns more effectively promote cross-border economic cooperation zones approved.

(Three) bilateral consultations and negotiations

Cross-border economic cooperation zone of the building is a large and complex systematic project, involving both partners in the mechanisms, policies, laws, industry and other aspects of the docking and coordination. Therefore, the two provinces to strengthen bilateral exchange mechanisms regular meetings, identify the entry point to jointly promote the project progress, efforts to make the two governments concerned to support and approve the project, for both sides to start construction.

Cross-border economic cooperation zone construction phase

Cross-border economic cooperation zones in accordance with the development process can be divided into three stages, namely, start-up phase, the development phase and the maintenance phase extends below for detailed analysis.

First, the start-up phase.

In the pre-feasibility studies and bilateral negotiations, on the basis of negotiations, once the two countries reached a consensus, the decision to build cross-border economic cooperation zone, then the zone can officially start the construction.

First, the two countries signed a cooperation framework agreement area.

The two sides decided to build a cross-border economic cooperation zone, then the two countries signed a central or regional government should cross-border economic cooperation zones Framework Agreement formalize, then building to achieve substantive progress.

Second, the core area of ??the building.

Core area is the border line of each side of the adjacent areas and collectively constitute the construction of cross-border transport channel by interconnecting an enclosed area, according to China cooperation zone construction practice, the parties are generally not more than 10 kilometers. Also have bonded core area is dedicated ports and other "functional integration, policy overlay" area, is to promote bilateral economic and trade cooperation standardization, scale, market-oriented and international high-end cross-border cooperation platform.

Functional orientation

1 logistics services. Relying on the advantages of ports and international channel construction, to play its logistics hub function, so that products can quickly enter the market between the two countries, but they can be easily re-export to other countries, help enterprises to reduce operating costs and improve competitiveness.

2 cargo trading functions. In cross-border economic cooperation zones can create large product exhibition hall, so that domestic customers in the region, no country can directly observe the world's goods, and you can see samples immediately after signing the contract, import formalities; overseas customers You can see samples in the region after the signing of export contracts with domestic enterprises.

3 products deep processing functions. The products can take advantage of the core area of ??the advantages of both countries, for further processing or re-processing, in order to improve product flow capacity and added value. Cross-border cooperation in Sino-Vietnamese border area, for example, can take advantage of China's advantages, such as China's management and technology, supporting capacity, some raw materials (such as coke, electricity), logistics, etc., but can also take advantage of the Vietnamese side of advantages, such as the Vietnamese side The certificate of origin, labor, and other mineral resources. Especially the use of Vietnamese exports in some countries of origin, compared with China's favorable, you can circumvent the anti-dumping.

Core area management

The core area of ??the two countries shared a special customs supervision areas. In the "one-stop" clearance on the basis of the two countries should be "one off two inspection" entry-exit inspection agency retreat entrance to cross-border cooperation, the "second line" management, fully embodies the "first-line release, second tube live the region free, into the zone tax rebate "policy.

"Customs territory" customs supervision. To avoid the complicated customs procedures, "customs territory" is a cross-border economic cooperation zones in the core idea of ??customs supervision, roughly summarized as "first-line release, second tube live, local non-intervention." "Line release" refers to foreign customs supervision of the goods can not enter freely and cooperation zone, the zone, goods from customs supervision and may be freely transported out of the country. "Second line tube housing" refers to the goods from the zone into the domestic non-cooperation zone or goods from the domestic non-cooperative zone into the zone, the customs must be in accordance with national customs law, levy appropriate taxes. "Non-intervention in the region" refers to the region of the goods can be stored in any form, exhibition, assembly, manufacture, processing, and trade flow freely without Customs approval, just for the record.

Management of personnel and vehicles. Citizens of both countries, third country nationals and vehicles can cross-border cooperation in the region to flow freely. Any citizen with valid documents approved by the two countries, cooperation in the region can stay visa-free in a certain time, but not to enter the area outside.

Goods between management. For each of the parties to enter the zone from the domestic goods deemed export tax rebate; cooperation zones from entering their domestic regarded as imported goods, according to the general trade tax administration regulations. Merchandise trade between the region does not levy excise duty and VAT. Cooperation zone display on imported goods, customs bonded goods by regulation, mortgage payments without having to pay customs duties, without showing time limit, just in the customs registration can be. On cooperation between the region and overseas incoming and outgoing cargo, except for the export passive quota management, not the import-export quota and license management.

Administrative and judicial administration. Each side of the zone affected by the country's jurisdiction, applicable to existing national laws and relevant international treaties and agreements.

Third, the expansion zones.

Proposed in the construction of the core area, based on the extended area while supporting the establishment, in order to assist the development of the core area. Extension building focused primarily on regional free movement of factors of production to create the conditions for further eliminate standards are not uniform, for restrictions on the movement of personnel and vehicles and other non-tariff barriers, to achieve regional economic complementarity and optimal allocation of resources, enhance the region as a whole to participate in international economic competition and cooperation. Experience, the general expansion of the planning area are larger than 100 kilometers from the core area of ??the depth of the hinterland components. Focus on the development of regional economies in the region already in the park. Extended area is not closed, the implementation of the two sides' plans and programs coordination, division of labor, mutual benefit "management model.

Functional orientation

In the extended area could focus on the development of processing industry, including raw materials, as well as in the domestic market in the zone of the processing industry. Enterprises can easily use the extended area mainland technical, financial and organization of production of raw materials abroad, and the products can supply multiple markets.

Management model

Extended area management based in the region to take an open management model. Expansion area is not closed, allowing people, goods freely in and out of the region and beyond, the normal cross-border formalities. In the personnel and vehicles, industrial cooperation, exchanges of goods, administrative and judicial aspects of cooperation zones according to the actual situation, combined with the development objectives of promoting implementation of appropriate policies and preferential treatment.

Fourth, the carrot and stick, hand in hand.

Cross-border economic cooperation zone is not simply bonded supervision areas. On the one hand, since the border areas of the hardware and software environment is poor, must pass the infrastructure, policy support, guidance and other companies a variety of ways, starting point to build a new platform for inter-regional cooperation for industrial cultivation, gathering and radiation to provide conditions .

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