宝洁公司发展历史研究--悉尼Essay代写

悉尼Essay代写范文:“宝洁公司发展历史研究”，这篇论文主要描述的是最初的宝洁公司是一间来自英国的蜡烛销售商，而Gamble则是一间来自爱尔兰的肥皂制作商，他们都来到了美国发展，在当时的美国蜡烛和肥皂销售行业竞争都是非常的激烈，为了将资源进行更好的整合，他们决定进行合作，成为互相的合作伙伴，一间全新的宝洁公司就这样诞生了。

HISTORY OF P&G

The founder of P&G are William Procter, and James Gamble. Procter was a candle maker from England, and Gamble was a soap maker from Ireland, they both immigrant to Cincinnati, the US. And they have married a pair sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris, and become in a family. Due to the Panic in 1837, the candle and soap market competition has become more intense. In this situation, Alexander Norris, their father-in-law called a meeting to convince them to join together, become each other's partner, as their business could use similar resources and materials. As a result, the new enterprise Procter & Gamble was founded on October 31, 1837.

The company developed steady and took some opportunity to grow up in 19th century. Its sale value reached to 1 million dollars in financial year 1859, with around 80 employees working in the company. During the Civil War, P&G have signed the contracts to supply its soap and candles products to Union Army. Soldiers used the P&G products during the war, and as a consequence, when they went back home after the war was over, they still purchase the P&G products and even recommended to their families and friends. The brand awareness increasing greatly benefit from the military contracts. P&G invented Ivory soap in 1880s, which was cheap and could float in water. In late 19th century, William Procter's grandson Cooper Procter established a profit-sharing policy for its employees, which would give them a stake in the company, he believed that this benefit would ensure the employees work harder, and gain a tied relationship with the company.

In 20th century, due to the increasing usage of electricity, candles were not necessary any more, therefore the company started to focus on its soap business, and invented more than 30 different types of soap in the market. In 1920, the company officially stopped its candles manufacture. Along with its expansion, the Cincinnati factory capacity can not fully meet the market demand, therefore the company started to open factories in other locations. In 1911, P&G started to produce soap using vegetable oil instead of the traditional animal fats as the material, this is one work example of P&G research laboratories, which was respond for product innovation and test. The company also started to operate marketing activities in early 20th century, such as promotion, consumer investigating and public relation activities.

In 1930, P&G acquired the Thomas Hedley Co., Which is a manufacturing company located in Newcastle, England. This is the sign of global expansion of P&G, after the acquisition, P&G was able to produce and sell its products in the North East England. Along with the development of the scope of company, P&G started to step into other industries related FMCG product more than soaps. P&G introduced the laundry detergent brand Tide to the market in 1946, and a shampoo brand Prell in 1950. The Crest, toothpaste was introduced in 1955. In 1957, P&G acquired the Charmin Paper Mill, this gave the P&G ability to step into the toilet paper industry. In 1961, the baby care brand Pampers was introduced, and the Pampers products were considered as revolutionary products as it simplified the diapering process for babies.

During the second half of 20th century, P&G acquired a number of other companies, including Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Folgers Coffee, Noxell, Richardson-Vicks,  Imas Company, Max Factor, and Shulton's Old Spice etc. Those acquisition further helped the company to diversify its product mix and profitability. Besides the series of acquisition, the company accelerate its global expansion pace, it expanded in European market since 1950s, and entered the Japan market in late 1970s, in 1988, it entered the China market and established a local factory in Guangzhou. As a result of its geographic expansion, the company was already operating in more than 23 countries by 1980 with total sales of $11 billion which was 35 times greater than in .

In 1996, Food and Drug Administration approved a new product developed by P&G, the skin care brand Olean. Which had become the main brand in skin care industry of P&G brand mix.

In 2005, P&G acquired the Gillette, and formed the largest FMCG company in the world. Since then P&G was listed as one of the ten most valuable companies around the world.

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