The Pantheon-paper代写

本文是一篇优秀的加拿大代写范文-The Pantheon，供大家赏析学习，这篇论文讨论了万神殿。在罗马时期，罗马帝国建造了一座供奉众神的殿堂，取名万神殿。万神殿可谓是古罗马精湛建筑技术的典范。它是一个宽度与高度相等的巨大圆柱体，上面覆盖着半圆形的屋顶，拉斐尔等许多著名艺术家就葬在这里。这座充满罗马艺术的寺庙曾被米开朗基罗赞叹为“天使的设计”。

1. Background information

1) Pantheon

The Pantheon was built in Rome at around 117 to 26 CE. Its name, ‘Pantheon’, means “all gods” in Greek language. It has the style of Roman Temple and its main purpose of use is a public temple for gods. Built by the Emperor Marcus Agrippa, the Pantheon was completed at around 126 AD by Emperor Hadrian. Being one of the best-preserved temples, the Pantheon has the largest concrete dome that is unreinforced.

2) Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia was built in Istanbul as a Christian patriarchal church in year 537, and later converted into a mosque. It not only served as an Orthodox cathedral, but was also converted into a Roman Catholic cathedral during 1204 to 1261. Considered to be the symbol of Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia was dedicated to God and contains quite a collection of relics and historic icons.

2. The difference/ similarity

1) Religion ( Polytheism/Monotheism)

Study shows that the Pantheon began from the reign of Trajan and ended by Hadrian. The Pantheon was influenced by Ancient Greek Polytheism that believes in multiple deities assembled into the church of gods (goddesses) with their mythologies and rituals.

Hagia Sophia, on the other hand, is a typical symbol of Monotheism. Believing in a singular God, the religions that ever existed as the main form of ruling land shows worship for only one true God instead of many. Christianity, Judaism and Islam all have the same root of Monotheism. For Hagia Sophia, the authority of the Byzantine emperor is re-claimed by the mosaics in a centered concept of ‘divine kingship’.

2) Architectural style

The architectural style of the Pantheon is a typical Roman Temple with a large rectangular court in front of its entrance. The signature style of the building is the set of Corinthian columns, which is known by the 8 pillars in front, representing eternity and beauty of symmetry. Behind the eight giant Corinthian columns, three sets of four pillars stands, leading towards the large, circular hall. It has seven large niches soaring from the ground level to the enormous dome with an oculus opening up to the sky. The transverse section of the Pantheon has the shape of a perfect circle, which enhances the optical effect of the perpetual motion for a united universe.

Being the greatest Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia has a complex structure with central dome, half domes, and semi-domes exedras. Having a similar structure of the dome as Pantheon, it does not have the oculus. Inserted between the halves of a divided church, the Hagia Sophia’s dome rests on four arches (pendentives) thatsupport the weight, leaving the walls in between carrying no weight. It is therefore considered to be a new technique that allows higher, lighter domes than the method applied in Pantheon. Different from the main source of lighting from oculus at Pantheon, its lighting comes from the set of windows at the bottom of the dome and the surrounding pendentives.

3) Interior/ Exterior

The exterior of the Pantheon has a flight of stairs leading to the pediment, following by the Rotunda. When people walk into the Pantheon, they are first impressed by the dome that features five rings of panels. On the dome, all decorations are squares, while the floor are designed with circles and squares on a check board pattern. The interior of the Pantheon in the 18th century has paintings by the artist, Giovanni Paolo Panini. As the main source of lighting, the hall is lit up by the glow through the oculus, resembling eternity.

The massive exterior of Hagia Sophia is planted on the earth and rising towards the sky, which impacted the Western architecture in a lasting way. 41 feet taller than the Pantheon, Hagia Sophia’s dome stands out much more boldly. The sculptures in Hagia Sophia mainly apply ivory and silver in a classicism style. Famous sculpture include Justinian as Conqueror, the subject of sculpture celebrates the victory of the emperor in Christian terms. What is similar to the Panthenon is the theme of Heaven, and here in Hagia Sophia it has the ensemble of the sun, moon and star that blesses the Empire. The concept of perfection is also emphasized through the glitter of mosaics and interiors of thick walls and weightless shells. 

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