Role of Peer Group Aggression in Predicting Adolescent--论文代写范文

健康的恋爱关系帮助青少年发展的认同感,培养人际交往能力的掌握,促进自我价值的感觉,作为一个情感支持的来源。另一方面,消极的约会关系,比如约会暴力,可以使青少年有不良长期后果的风险。下面的paper代写范文进行论述。

Abstract 
  Past research has shown that adolescent peer groups make a significant contribution to shaping behavior but less is known about the role of peer groups in adolescent dating relationships. This longitudinal study examined the contribution of aggressive peer group norms on relationship quality and dating violence among dating adolescents. At the beginning of the school year (T1) and 6 months later (T2), participants (n = 1,070; Mage = 15.45; 49 % Female) provided self-reports of attitudes towards aggression, and physically- and relationallyaggressive behaviors. Peer groups were identified using a peer-nomination technique and aggressive behaviors and attitudes were averaged across peer groups. 

  Participants with dating experience (n = 598) reported on the frequency of their experience with dating violence (both as a victim and perpetrator). Multilevel analyses indicated that peer group relational aggression at T1 positively predicted dating abuse victimization and perpetration, and negatively predicted relationship quality at T2, beyond individual predictions. An unexpected finding was that membership in physically aggressive peer groups at T1 was associated positively with relationship quality at T2. Results point to the importance of the peer group in shaping adolescent dating experiences. Keywords Adolescent dating relationships Dating violence Dating relationship quality Adolescent peer groups Relational aggression .

 Introduction 
  During adolescence, romantic dating relationships become increasingly important and many youth begin to spend more time with their dating partners than with their family or friends (Furman 2002; Furman and Shaffer 2003). Positive dating relationships may confer a wide range of benefits in social development and psychological adjustment. For example, experiences in healthy dating relationships help adolescents to develop a sense of identity, foster the mastery of interpersonal skills, promote feelings of self worth, and serve as a source of emotional support (Barber and Eccles 2003). On the other hand, negative experiences in dating relationships, such as dating violence, can expose adolescents to risks that have adverse long-term consequences. 

  Research shows that 25 % to over 55 % of dating adolescents report having experienced some form of physical or psychological abuse in their relationships (e.g., Malik et al. 1997; Roscoe and Kelsey 1986; Sudermann and Jaffe 1997; Wolfe et al. 2001b). Exposure to dating violence in adolescence is associated with a wide range of negative outcomes such as low self-esteem, substance use, school dropout, and feelings of depression and anxiety (Cascardi and O’Leary 1992; Hagan and Foster 2001; Silverman et al. 2001; Holt and Espelage 2005). Moreover, adolescents who have experienced dating violence may be more likely to engage in intimate partner violence in their adult relationships (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control 2006). The purpose of the present longitudinal study was to explore predictors of aggressive behavior and relationship quality in adolescent dating relationships. 

  Many investigators have examined the family context as a pathway to abusive dating relationships. Studies suggest that youth who share close relationships with their parents may be less likely to become involved in abusive dating relationships (Cleveland et al. 2003; Ehrensaft et al. 2003; Lavoie and Ve´zina 2002). In contrast, contexts in which parents model and reinforce violent behavior are associated positively with adolescent dating violence (Brendgen et al. 2002; Capaldi and Clark 1998; O’Keefe 1998; Schwartz et al. 1997). In addition to family relationships, adolescents’ experiences with their peers also may make important contributions to dating violence. 

  During adolescence, there is an increased orientation towards peers (Crockett et al. 1984; Eccles and Midgley 1989; O’Brien and Bierman 1988), and heightened susceptibility to peer influence (Fergusson et al. 2002; Miller-Johnson and Costanzo 2004). Thus, peers may be particularly influential in socializing attitudes and behaviors surrounding violence and aggression during adolescence (Dishion et al. 1996). According to social learning theory (Bandura 1986), adolescents learn to engage in aggressive behaviors with dating partners by observing significant others who model aggressive behavior. Because adolescents are new to dating relationships, they may not yet be aware of acceptable behavior in this context and they are likely to learn how to interact with dating partners by observing peers (Arriaga and Foshee 2004). 

  In peer contexts, adolescents are likely to socialize one another to display specific behaviors to gain approval (Clasen and Brown 1985; Dishion et al. 1996; Patterson et al. 1998). Positive reinforcement and encouragement from peers may then lead adolescents to adopt inappropriate behaviors (Ellis et al. 2012; Kandel and Andrews 1987). In peer groups where the modeling of aggressive behaviors elicits positive reactions, adolescents learn that using aggression against others can help them to achieve goals and be accepted by others. Further, dating is a significant topic of conversation among adolescents (Connolly and Goldberg 1999; Simon et al. 1992), and is likely to be the focus of discussions where adolescents look to their peers for advice and information.

  Social modeling, reinforcement, discussion, and other group processes likely contribute to the socialization of dating behaviors and attitudes in adolescents’ peer groups. Existing research has identified connection to aggressive peers who hold positive attitudes towards the use of violent behaviors as a potential antecedent of aggressive behavior and poor relationship quality within the context of adolescent dating relationships. Researchers have long acknowledged the unique contribution of peer groups to behavior during adolescence (Parker et al. 1995; Rubin et al. 2006), and a few studies have shown that involvement with antisocial and physically aggressive peers may increase the likelihood that adolescents will engage in perpetration of dating violence and experience victimization in their dating relationships (Gagne´ et al. 2005; Schnurr and Lohman 2008; Williams et al. 2008). 

  Nevertheless, much of the research in this area still tends to focus on exploring the linkages between adolescents’ experiences within close friendships and dating violence (Arriaga and Foshee 2004; Kinsfogel and Grych 2004; Linder and Collins 2005; Schad et al. 2008). Furthermore, virtually no studies to date have examined peer influences on relational aggression in adolescent dating relationships. One study by Leadbeater et al. (2008) provides preliminary evidence for an association between the use of relational aggression against peers and the experience of this type of aggression in dating relationships. Specifically, these researchers found that adolescents who used relational aggression against their peers also experienced more relational aggression, both as the perpetrator and victim, in their dating relationships.(paper代写)

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