The displacement of space and time--论文代写范文精选

替代传统的面对面的社交互动,特点是通信领域，广泛的空间和多个时区的物理位置，快速的技术变化还与个人的时间感有关。由于信息技术的快速发展，社会变得越来越难以追踪时间的流逝。下面的paper代写范文进行阐述。

Abstract 
One of the most fundamental capabilities of Information Technologies is that they act as enablers of communication. Information Technology allows for communication to take place across the length and breadth of the globe and allows for the possibility for data to be requested, transferred and received almost instantly. The world has become smaller with the emergence of the global village and time has assumed less of a controlling role since it is becoming increasingly relative. It is important to consider that a mutual relationship exists between distance and time - the displacement of one affects the validity of the other. 

ICTs have had a major influence on breaking down the barriers caused by distance and separation, and due to this distance, on the time required to surmount these barriers. The capacity for information to be transmitted instantly across the world provides mechanisms for real-time updates and the feedback of live information. The Internet operates 24 hours, 365 days a year; the importance of time is displaced, making it a mathematical equation when considered in this context. Gratification is also almost instantly available, regardless of one’s personal time and location. Anything and everything is available almost instantly. The relevance of local time and locale is uncoupled. Rosenberg (2004: 165) states that Information Technology has pushed place and time into roles that they cannot possibly fulfill. When connected to the Internet physical restraints and categories of distance and location cease to matter. Spatial co-ordinates are exchanged for pseudo names and IP addresses. 

The replacement of the traditional social face-to-face interaction with interaction that is characterized by communication across wide reaches of space and across multiple time zones further minimizes the importance of physical location. According to Nunes (1995), in cyberspace ‘[t]he‘Voyeur-Voyager’ experiences an immediacy which dissolves space and time: a perpetually repeated hijacking of the subject from any spatial-temporal context’. Rapid technological change also meddles with the individual’s sense of time and has resulted in the individual experiencing a form of temporal acceleration. In the past technological change would usually span three or four generations. 

Currently due to Information Technology’s rapid growth and advancement a single generation can experience several successive technological changes in a relatively short span of time (Dupuis, 1989: 439). It becomes increasingly difficult for society to track the passing of time as change has become a constant influence; therefore it becomes disregarded or unnoticed. Due to Information Technology’s rapid development and constant state of change, society is constantly looking to the future rather than looking back and remembering the past. The recent past has also assumed a role of lesser importance because of the ability to acquire instantaneous feedback. The needs for optimization, for events to happen faster and more accurately, are all drivers behind the focus on the instant and the future. The current date and time becomes less important as the future is always seen as better. One is in a state of constant expectance, of anticipation of things yet to come (Coyne, 1998). The emphasis on achieving the valorized ‘win’ creates a sense of incompleteness and unease, and provides the individual with a never-ending series of goals still to be achieved.

The facilitation of consumerism Information 
Technology plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic dynamics of society. It is the authors’ opinion that Information Technology acts as the primary enabler and motivator for consumerism and its rapid spread. The capitalist markets of today are wholly dependant on their Information Technology infrastructures. Information Technology provides the means for mass production, the communication channels for mass marketing, increases organizational knowledge, allows for dramatic optimization, information storage and the infrastructural backbone for the realization of the global economy. It is the author’s contention that Information Technology is the life-blood of consumerism; that without it, consumerism would not be able to exist. Consumerism requires massive marketing efforts in order to commoditize life-worlds. 

The Internet serves as the new frontier for marketing products, as marketing campaigns have access to an unprecedented number of viewers. Market profiling can be more easily done since communities of like-minded individuals tend to congregate in the same web spaces. Life-styles can further be promoted through the profiling of websites and promotion of certain actions and beliefs. According to Robins & Webster (1999: 99), an essential requirement in these marketing efforts is the generation of huge amounts of data in order to create useful statistical data, profile demographics and identify emerging market trends. Data is also gathered under the motivation of customer service, being able to provide advertising tailored to your individual desires. Without the mechanisms of Information Technology the storage of this data would be impossible and the gathering of relevant information from this veritable sea of collected data would be completely inconceivable. 

Through the communication channels of the network society, the increasing emphasis on the representation of objects is blurring the distinction between the image and the actual physical object. This is poignantly obvious in Information Technology’s ability and tendency to create hyperrealities. These hyperrealities provide the perfect environment for consumerism to flourish. Artificial, beautiful worlds are created whereby false and superficial wants can be stimulated. One’s every need and desire can be fulfilled by the purchase of the advertised products. According to Rifkin (2000: 47), ‘[i]n the new network economy what is really being bought and sold are ideas and images. The physical embodiment of these ideas and images becomes increasingly secondary to the economic process. If the industrial marketplace was characterized by the exchange of things, the network economy is characterized by access to concepts, carried inside physical forms’. What one is purchasing is not the product but hyperreality. This not only assigns a false superficial value to an object, it also undermines the integrity of all physical objects. Reality itself becomes replaceable as it becomes a commodity that is bought and sold.(paper代写)

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