Environmental and Public Health Issues of Animal Food--论文代写范文精选

官方屠杀点主要是低档质量屠杀准备。肉处理不卫生。尸体被拖在地上,在卡车进行运输。肉类检验并不彻底。肝片吸虫病和肺结核是最常见的感染，而乳房炎症也是常见的。

Abstract
Information on livestock movement, animal food products processing facilities, meat inspection methods, official meat inspection records and distribution and marketing systems for processed products in Imo state, Nigeria needed for policy development interventions in the sector are not fully understood. The primary data generated with the aid of personal interviews, field observations and secondary data obtained from records accumulated by the department of veterinary services Imo state from 2001 to 2004 were used to investigate the environmental and public health issues of animal food products delivery system in state. Majority of trade animals supplied to the state originated from the northern states of the country and were brought in with trucks by road. 

Only two veterinary control posts served the whole state thus resulting in non-inspection and taxing of a large proportion of trade animals. Official record of trade animals supplied to the state from 2001 to 2004 ranged from 45000 – 144000 for cattle, 23000 – 96000 for goats and 11000 – 72000 for sheep per annum, with supplies increasing steadily across the years. Official slaughter points in the state were principally low-grade quality slaughter premises consisting of a thin concrete slab. Meat handling was very unhygienic with carcasses dressed beside refuse heaps of over 2 years standing. Carcasses were dragged on the ground and transported in taxi boots and open trucks. Meat inspection at these points was not thorough because of stiff resistance of butchers to carcass condemnation. Official meat inspection records for the state from 2001 to 2004 revealed that overall totals of 159,000 cattle, 101,000 goats and 67,000 sheep were slaughtered. This accounted for about 56, 57 and 57% shortfall of cattle, goat and sheep respectively supplied to the state and represents the volume of un-inspected animals during the study period. Fascioliasis and tuberculosis were the most common infections encountered in cattle and recorded percentage occurrences of 16.7 and 7.5 respectively, whereas mastitis was common in goats and sheep at percentage occurrences of 5.8 and 5.0 respectively. Overall prevalence rates of 4.4, 8.0, 3.2, 3.3 and 1.5% were recorded for tuberculosis, fascioliasis, streptotricosis, mastitis and worms respectively. Animal food products delivery in Imo state needs to be improved upon in order to safeguarded the health of consumers 
Key Words: Animal food products, Public health, Nigeria

Introduction
Humans are at the top of the biological food chain. As a result, we are prone to pathogens, drugs and contaminants in the animal food product we consumed, which may include meat, fish, egg and milk. The health of food animals is of major concern to man not only because they provide us with a significant amount of nutrients especially protein, minerals and vitamins that add variety to the nutritional quality of human diets but because they also provide other needs such as income to farmers, supply of industrial raw materials, transportation, farm power and companionship among others.(1) Inadequate care of food animals reduces their productivity and exposes them to different forms of diseases agents, which may become hazardous to man and his environment.(2,3) 

The health and proper husbandry of livestock is therefore essential for optimization of their productivity as well as promoting good health in their human consumers. Unpublished report by Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (4) and studies by Adubi and Aromolan (5) indicate that over 80% of food animals slaughtered in Nigeria originate from the northern states namely; Yobe, Sokoto, Kano, Borno, Kastina and Bauchi. These ruminant livestock populations are held in the traditional herds reared in the savannah agro-ecological zone mostly by Fulani and Shuwa Arabs pastoralists, more as symbol of status than as meat animals.(6) The animals are transported to the south by rail or road depending on the distance, source and quantity. Myriad of constraints inherent in the poor economy, climate, inadequate breeding and husbandry systems, limitations of feed availability and animal diseases among others have however been reported as major limiting factors to efficient livestock production in Nigeria.(5-12) Because of these constraints, animal protein intake in Nigeria still falls short of the value (70 g/head) recommended by FAO (13). Consequently, meat products are viewed as rare delicacies and there is hardly any customer discrimination against poor quality products.

It is clear that veterinary authorities in Imo state still harbor an old-fashioned view of meat inspection services as entirely a device for consumer protection. Thus, facilities for the diagnosis of important zoonoses of public health relevance such as brucellosis, Q fever, salmonella, toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis are lacking. Development and adoption of an integrated meat inspection system, where information from the farm level is included has been suggested for abattoir services improvement in the state.(2)(paper代写)

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