British architecture and European art

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- British architecture and European art，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国建筑与欧洲艺术。14世纪的时候，资本主义萌芽，文艺复兴开始，欧洲的建筑和艺术领域迎来了空前的发展浪潮。英国在这股浪潮中追随着意大利的时尚，也发展了自己的特色。浪漫主义的建筑在英国兴盛一时，即哥特复兴。这让人联想到哥特风格时期对自然和解脱宗教自由的渴望，但是这一次宗教不是枷锁，而是一味因循守旧的古典主义流派。中世纪的建筑，尤其是哥特式建筑，又重新成为了人们关注的焦点。

Capitalism sprouted in Italy in the 14th century, and the subsequent Renaissance movement swept across almost the whole Europe, bringing fierce struggles in various fields and ushering in a new development peak of architecture. In the 15th century, British culture, including architecture, gradually moved out of the middle ages and into the Renaissance.

At the end of the middle ages, British gothic culture once had a brilliant achievement. At that time, gothic art was more inclined to some myths, fantasies and religious themes, with more forms reflected by glass Mosaic and murals. Gothic painting style is a highly visual art, which is one of the characteristics of gothic architecture. From the prayer book of belleville to the prayer book of duke berry, goth painting changed its emphasis on expressing depth and emotion, which was a change from pure religion to focusing on nature through religious stories, balancing the secular nature with the sacred nature of religion. These changes were not only reflected in the field of painting, but also deeply influenced the development direction of British architecture.

When the great barons looked out of their medieval forts, their gloomy towers were prisons compared with the new mansions of the day...

So they quickly built a new style of mansion - manor house. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Britain gradually established a centralized nation-state, which brought a peaceful scene to the country and provided favorable political and social conditions for the development of architecture. Buildings are no longer built on dangerous hills, but on vast plains. The architectural form is no longer slender and lofty gothic, but strengthened the horizontal lines, making the building spread out on the earth in a more close to nature. In the 16th century, large mansions were siheyuan style, which gradually evolved into rectangular shape with prominent ends. This evolution improved the lighting and ventilation performance of the building, and also gave the building a good view. This sudden closeness to nature has to do with the political culture of the time, and is more reminiscent of two very different gothic prayerbooks. Did art influence architecture? Is it the "naturalization" led by art that drives the "naturalization" of architecture?

Classicism was developed from the philosophical and aesthetic viewpoints of the 16th and 17th centuries. At that time, absolute monarchy was equal to absolute rationality. In order to establish norms in the field of culture and art, the classicism that reflected autocracy and advocated rational thinking came into being.

Academic theories began to brainwash people's original theories and aesthetic perception. They look for "universal rules," "universal beauty," and try to represent them in "standard form," and the result is what is called a norm. Moreover, these standards in their minds are pure geometric structure and mathematical relations. They respect proportion as the decisive, even the only factor in architectural form. The craze began in France and soon spread to England. Paladio-style palace buildings were soon built in Britain. Classical architecture, which stresses on the aesthetic sense of proportion, has no sense of comfort in terms of function. Because of the outbreak of bourgeois revolution, it was not popular and became a small episode in the history of architecture.

As early as before the birth of architectural classicism, proportion aesthetics appeared in people's vision. It is best known as the vitruvian man by leonardo Da Vinci. It tells us the secret of the proportion of the human body in a precise graphic expression.

From the perspective of classicism, architecture seems to follow the trend of art.

At the end of the 18th century, the rise of romanticism brought about an artistic revolution.

Romanticism, the pursuit of human freedom and liberation, pay attention to the expression of personal feelings, the form less constrained and free and unrestrained, it through fantasy or retro means beyond the reality. Romanticism is opposite to classicism represented by academism in painting, and its style is doomed to be opposite to classicism.

Romantic architecture flourished in Britain, also known as the "gothic revival." This is immediately reminiscent of the gothic period's desire for freedom from nature and religion, but this time religion is not a fetter, but a classical school of conformism. Medieval architecture, especially gothic architecture, has become the focus of people's attention again. Its free and flexible characteristics are in line with the romantic aesthetic and pursuit. But it is not entirely gothic, romantic archaize, but also real, among them "Victoria gothic" the greatest achievement. It is abstemious, simple, planar with the purposive of composition of a picture, it is the fine crystallization that people creates the building that has feeling, have intelligence to get finally. Such a big change in architecture seems to have awakened some of the feelings that people have been repressed. The architecture awakens from the drowsiness of two hundred years of classicism and opens a new era.

The relationship between architecture and artistic style is more than that. Baroque, rococo... It is also a testimony to the highly unified architectural and artistic styles.

In fact, architecture is the real material existence that people dare to reflect real emotions. Different from art, which is always in the hands of a few people, artistic style comes into being when artists serve the higher class. Just like the classical order aesthetics of Europe, that is to serve the monarchy. Architectural form follows artistic style, for reasons that include the power of architects and the leadership class, but a considerable part of it comes from the public. Because the building was built by the people, the people of course still want to join their own aesthetic, but this aesthetic is with the trend of the time. This just formed architectural style to follow the general direction that artistic style goes.

In fact, architecture is originally an aspect of art and culture, but it is used by people, more realistic. Architecture and art complement each other. Art leads the way first. Architecture is built to realize the value of art. Moreover, this process never stops. Didn't mondrian's painting give a good enlightenment to modernist architecture?

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