留学生作业代写：Brexit should not have shocked the world

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Brexit should not have shocked the world，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国脱欧。2016年，英国脱欧的决定震惊了全世界。而这个决定，是出于英国人民对自由、平等权利以及民主的追求。有研究表明，大量难民和移民涌入英国是导致其脱欧的最主要因素，这个问题主要来源于欧洲悠久的殖民历史。

Britain held a referendum on 23th of June this summer on whether to exit from the European Union (EU), with 51.9% voted to leave and 48.1% to stay, making the world shocks with the “Brexit” coming true. Examining the historical development of Europe, I would say that this result is not that surprising, which can be rooted with the profound cultural effects of the Enlightenment and Democratic Revolution and the immigration issues rising from the western colonial and imperial legacies. The exit of this European giant from the community has triggered vibrations on the global market, which will impose more economic, political and social concerns. This essay examines the relationship between the Brexit and the interconnections of the Europe, discussing the influences Brexit may bring in economies, politics and societies on a global level. 

First of all, considering the cultural evolutions and historical revolutions in the UK, the Brexit decision appears to be reasonable and predictable, as the decision is mainly influenced by a pursuit of freedom and happiness and a democracy system, which have been rooted in the British history and the residences’ minds in the past centuries. On the one hand, Brexit reflects the British’s will to pursue happiness and liberty, which can be dated back to the 17th and 18th centuries, when the wave of Enlightenment movement has spread widely across the European channels, embracing liberty, rights to life and happiness (McCarty 21). The EU’s complex and strict regulations that were above the UK’s legal system imposed people’s against wills by weakening the freedom sense. Moreover, joining EU is considered to have weakened the living standards of the British, by paying huge fees to EU and receiving EU immigrations. The restricted economic benefits and social welfares have declined the happiness level of the British (Furchtgott 1). On the other hand, the decision is voted publicly by all British residence, whose process has been aligned with the consistent democratic policy of UK government, which can be dated back to the Democratic Revolution since the 18th century. Inherited from the liberal ideas of Enlightenment, Democratic Revolution has evolved towards to political level in the latter which emphasizes more democracy by embodying “citizenship” of individuals (McCarty 11). More importantly, the historical meaning of Enlightenment can be so enormous to the British, which is seen as the ancestor of Democratic Revolution. It symbols the end of the slavery era and the birth of capitalism (Walter 2). The movement is viewed as the key to help the empire start its industrialization revolution and thus to take the lead in the world (McCarty 145). The Enlightenment has laid a strong foundation for the empire’s economic development and the liberal ideas have been continuously influencing people’s minds today. Hence considering the importance of Enlightenment and Democracy for British, Brexit is not that surprising in terms of cultural and social level.

Second, the biggest reason leading to Brexit is the refugee and immigration issue, which is believed to obsess too much social welfare of UK, including housing, education places, work opportunities and hospital services (Stott 1). A report from LSE Economic Center releases that the EU immigration in UK has tripled from 0.9 to 3.3 million between 1995 and 2015 and the big rise occurred in 2004 when the poorer East European nations joined EU (Wadsworth et al 2). As I see, the refugee and immigration issue is rising from the colonial and imperial legacies of the European countries in the past centuries. The European countries have a long history of enslaver and colonization around the world, especially in Africa. Today the major refugee and immigration sources - Libya and Eritrea (located in East and North Africa which are used to be the colony of Italy), Syria and Tunisia (belonged to France) and Sierra Leone (belonged to UK) have surged to immigrate into the colonial powers to seek safety and good life. According to BBC news (1), more than one million refugees have crossed into Europe in 2015. One important reason is that some colonies have special attachment to the colonial powers. Despite the slavery system has been abolished, the colonial tradition has been saved and still impacts Europe and the African refugees’ minds. The colonial powers also offer protections to the persecuted refugees who belonged to the colonial powers with good education and work opportunities (Tesfagiorgios 4). This constitutes the main reason that attracts the African refugees to immigrate to UK and the rest European countries. Besides, the relationships between European nations have been closed during the collaboration on slavery since the colony era, no matter on the enslaver or abolishment. The close relationship also burdens UK to accept the immigrations from poor EU members.   

Consequently, the Brexit has imposed consequent impacts in not only UK but also the whole world. Since 1990s the globalization increasingly developed, a global perspective to review the effects of economic, political, social issues and etc has become necessary (Herren et al 28). From a global perspective, the effects of a single nation’s micro environment change will also spread to other countries because of the rising “interconnections and interdependence” between nations today (McCarty 286). Considering Brexit, one of the most protruding consequences is on the financial market. According to OECD’s 2016 Economic Policy Paper (Kierzenkowski et al 8-10), UK’s GDP, public debts, trades with EU members, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) will all suffer from Brexit. Furthermore, the risks raise uncertainty for the EU bank market and even the American and Japanese, for example, the EU banks opening at lows that have not been seen for years (Mian 1). The Japanese Yen has been crazily appreciated since the pound devalued, which is used to view as a safe-haven currency (Holodny 1). However the negative effects of Brexit on the world market are just short-term and can be mitigated through the recovering confidence to market (Woodford 1). On the global politic level, Britain’s leave may trigger the collapse of the EU membership with others imitating the same way. Besides, the Brexit means recovering the policy restrictions on EU immigrations, which will ban the EU students and workers to work or live in UK. This will not only reduce the effective labor force in UK but will also burden the already-intense labor market of the EU members (Woodford 1). The policy nevertheless could boost the social welfare for the British, with more spending on hospital services, primary education and universities, and infrastructures. But the non-EU citizens who study or work in UK will no doubt face much higher living expenses, although they could enjoy the same welfare as the nationals before (Palin and Evans 1).

In conclusion, Brexit has its historical and cultural roots which can be dated back to its culture movements, political revolutions, and even the colonial and imperial legacies of the western countries. The economic effects could be negative in the short term, but recovering confidence to the market will help to relieve. The policy changes will reduce the immigrations in UK, which will increase the costs of labor in UK and fierce the competition in other European labor markets. The social welfare will also face challenges to the EU nations, while for UK the benefits could help to stabilize the citizens’ moods.

Word count: 1205

Reference

BBC News. Why is EU struggling with migrants and asylum? 3 March 2016. Web. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-24583286. 29 June 2016.

Furchtgott, Diana, Roth. Manhattan Moment: Why Brits Want To Leave the EU. Washington Examiner. 30 June 2016. Web. http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/manhattan-moment-why-brits-want-to-leave-the-eu/article/2595292. 28 June 2016.

Herren, Madeleine., Manning, Patrick., McCarty, Philip. C., Middell, Matthias., Vanhaute, Eric. Potentials and Challenges of Global Studies for the 21st Century. Institute for European Global Studies. 2014.

Holodny, Elena. The Yen is Going Insane. Business Insider. 24 June 2016. Web. http://www.businessinsider.com/yen-us-dollar-brexit-referendum-2016-6. 28 June 2016.

Kierzenkowski, Rafal., Pain, Nigel. Rusticelli, Elena. & Zwart, Sanne. The Economic Consequences of Brexit: A Taxing Decision. OECD Economic Policy Papers, No.16. OECD. April 2016. Web. http://www.oecd.org/eco/The-Economic-consequences-of-Brexit-27-april-2016.pdf. 28 June 2016.

McCarty, Philip. C. Globalizing Legal History. Rechtsgeschichte Legal History. 2014. 283 -291. Web. http://www.rg-rechtsgeschichte.de/rg22. 28 June 2016

McCarty, Philip. C. Integrated Perspectives in Global Studies. University of California, Santa Barbara. 2012.

Mian, Afrasiab. Brexit Effect Continues, EU Banks Slammed. Zacks Investment Research. 27 June 2016. Web. https://www.zacks.com/stock/news/221719/brexit-effect-continues-eu-banks-slammed. 28 June 2016. 

Palin, Adam., & Evans, Judith. What will be Brexit’s impact on consumers? The Financial Times. 23 February 2016. Web. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/fddc5b3c-aae8-11e4-81bc-00144feab7de.html#axzz4DVmY4IQu . 28 June 2016. 

Stott, Machael. Why Britain voted to leave the EU. 4 June 2016. Nikkei Asian Review. Web. http://asia.nikkei.com/Features/Brexit/Why-Britain-voted-to-leave-the-EU. 28 June 2016

Tesfagiorgios, Petros. Refugees and the Development of Africa. The Case of Eritrean Refugees in the UK. n.d. Web. http://www.irr.org.uk/pdf/eritrean_refugees.pdf.28 June 2016

Wadsworth, Jonathan., Dhingra, Swati., Ottaviano, Gianmarco., & Reenen, John,Van. Brexit and the Impact of Immigration on the UK. The London School of Economics and Political Science: Centre for Economic Performance. n.d. Web. http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/brexit05.pdf. 28 June 2016

Walter, Johnson. The Great Divide King Cotton’s Long Shadow. The New York Times. 30 March 2013.

Woodford. The economic impact of ‘Brexit’. Woodford Investment Management LLP. February 2016. Web. https://woodfordfunds.com/economic-impact-brexit-report/#immigration. 28 June 2016.

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