名词解释

生动形象的解释了巴洛克、洛可可、新古典、浪漫主义、现实主义、印象主义、艺术为艺术的缘故、后印象主义等名词的含义。

1. Baroque

In the field of art, baroque firstly originated from the 16th century. Then, it went popular in the 17th century in Europe. It features as using exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur. It can be applied in various forms of art like, sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and music. Though, Baroque style is originally seen as inferior and disrespectful to Catholic religion, it is now one of the prevailing art style now.

2. Rococo

Rococo style developed in the early 18th century in Paris, France. The feature of it is that it contains a lot of curly decoration. Its style is ornate and usually with light colors, asymmetrical designs, curves, and gold. It is a common art style mostly used in architecture. However, in the field of  painting, sculpture, decoration, literature, music, and theater, it also has great influences. The theme of Rococo is generally  playful and witty.

3. Neo-classical

Neoclassicism is a new art style generated based on the base of classic art and culture of ancient Greece. Western movements happened in the field of decorative and visual, literature,t heater, music, and architecture. Then, Neo-classical was generated  initially as a reaction against the excesses of the preceding Rococo style. As a revival of the styles and spirit of classic antiquity inspired directly from the classical period, Neo-classical coincided and reflected the developments in philosophy and other areas of the Age of Enlightenment.

4. Romanticism

In the reaction of the Industrial Revolution, the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, Romanticism began its development. Romanticism was popular in the late 18th and early 19th century. Instead of insisting on express the truth in reality, it emphasizes feelings, intense emotions and  wild natural beauty more than anything else. It is mostly embodied the visual arts, music, and literature. Romanticism is featured with its exaggerated imaginations and passionate ways of expressing feelings.

5. Realism

Realism originated in the middle of the 19th century. It is a art style mostly in the field of literature and visual art. Realism insists that everything should be shown or described as it really is in life. It is also called naturalism. No imagination or exaggeration shall be made, instead, the reality should be depicted in a specific and precise and natural way without polishing.

6. Impressionism

In the 19th century, Impressionism is a style of painting used especially in France.  And in painting field, Impressionism has passion in the usage of color. Instead of using detailed forms to express feelings or depict lights, color is used mostly in s fuzzy manner to show feelings. In the field of music in 19th and early 20th centuries, Impressionism produces feelings and images by the quality of sounds rather than by a pattern of notes.

7. Art for art’s sake

Art for art’s sake appeared in the 19th century. It  expresses a philosophy that the intrinsic value of art, and the only "true" art, is divorced from any didactic, moral or utilitarian function. Such works under this philosophy are sometimes described as “complete in itself”. This expression emphasizes the value of art just purely being art itself rather than serve as some moral or didactic purpose.

8. Post- impressionism

Post-Impressionism developed from Impressionism. It is developed from the 1880s.  Post-impressionists aimed at finding different methods for the use of color, pattern, form, and line. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction against Impressionists’ concern for the naturalistic depiction of light and color. It has broad emphasis on abstract qualities or symbolic content.

9. Fauvism

In the field of painting, Fauvism is a style that uses pure bright colors. Fauvism was developed in the early 20th century. It can be called a kind of modern art that its works emphasized painterly qualities and strong color rather than the representational or realistic values emphasized by Impressionism. The paintings of the Fauves were characterized by seemingly wild brush work and strident colors, while their subject matter had a high degree of simplification and abstraction.

10. Dada

Dada or Dadaism was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century. The beginnings of Dada correspond to the outbreak of World War I. Dada served to be an addition to being anti-war. It had political affinities with the radical left and was also anti-bourgeois. Dadaists protested against the bourgeoisie, nationalist and colonialist’s interests, since they were believed  by Dadaists as the root cause of the war. They expressed their rejection of ideology in artistic expression that appeared to reject logic and embrace chaos and irrationality.

11. Surrealism

Surrealism appeared in the 20th century. It is a style of art in which the artists connects unrelated images and objects in a strange way together. The aim of surrealism was to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality." Artists created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself . Surrealist works feature the element of surprise and unexpected juxtapositions.

12. Cubism

Cubism originated in the 20th century and had been considered the most influential art movement in that period of time. This kind of  style of art represents objects and people in geometric shapes. Cubism was embodied in the field of  painting and sculpture firstly. Then it expanded its influence in music, literature and architecture.  In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context.

13. Academic Art

Under the influence of European academies of art, Academic Art  firstly appeared in the field of painting and sculpture. Academic art is the art and artists influenced by the standards of the French Académie des Beaux-Arts, in the movements of .Neoclassicism and Romanticism. William-Adolphe Bouguereau, Thomas Couture, and Hans Makart were both representatives of .Academic art. Academic Art is featured with its emphasis on strict training and evaluation of students.

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