一个关于Weimar的艺术作品

本文在包括绘画、广告、建筑、摄影这几个方面，描述了有关于魏玛艺术，魏玛指在魏玛共和国的时候,从1920年代- 1930年代,在两次世界大战之间。期间,德国被困在战争的恐怖和未来的担心。然后,在那个时候,德国艺术改变了很多。

Good morning, dear professor and classmates. Today I will talk about arts during the period of Weimar, in several aspects, including painting, advertisement, architecture and photography. Now I will primarily talk about what is the Weimar.

The Weimar refers to the time during the Weimar Republic, from 1920s-1930s, between the two world wars. During the period, German was trapped in the terror of war and worry of future. Then, at about that time, the Germany arts changed a lot.
  What I will talk about firstly today is the painting. And what must be mentioned is the German artist Otto Dix for his work was particularly worthy of attention. Haunted by his experience serving as a soldier, Dix utilized dark tones and grotesque detail to show injured soldiers, decomposing bodies and skeletons to depict the horrors of mechanized warfare. From his painting we can see that blood and terror spun around.
“Street Fight” - Otto Dix. 1927.

  Then, it’s the advertisement. In Weimar, females are not allowed to smoke, drive the car, exercise or even wear trousers. So the advertisers inevitably tried to challenge the tradition. And the Cigarette advertisement at that time was a typical example. The new woman image was created. Though the dream world built up by advertisement, the possibilities for females were expanded. For instance, a designer in the company Waldorf Astoria who was a member of Die Neue Sachlichkeit, designed an advertisement for cigarette with a short-hair girl. The rising smoke is just like the extension of her hand. It was highly praised for its metal light of rationality and beautiful lines. In other words, in Weimar, identities of human in society becomes complex.
 
  When we mention architecture, the Bauhaus tends to be significant. The Bauhaus set up by Walter Gropius is homered as the birthplace of modern design, which makes a huge contribution for world art. Avant-garde artists in Bauhaus tried to push an anti-tradition and modern design concepts with architecture. And they confirm the use of lines, points, color and materiel; encourage students to combine with practice. As far as I am concerned, Bauhaus is the typical example for rationalism 

  And the last thing I would like to introduce is the photography. At that time, photography was not only art but also ways to satirize social ills. Montage technique was mostly used, especially in John Heartfield’s works. In his works, Hitler's image played an important role. These photos vividly show the battle between Nazi and the Germany Communist Party and profoundly reveal the close contact between Nazi and the monopoly capital. Heartfield make photography a weapon to fight for class struggle. Something new like Dadaism made a difference, too. Photography was affected absolutely. Dada artists were an anarchistic bunch, unlike any established artistic movement. They despised war, rejected tradition and discarded capitalist middle-class values like Heartfield did.

  In the first photo, Heartfield pretended to X-irradiate Hitler in a speech to show that political speech was manipulated at that time and sense was forged.
In the second photo, Nazi's symbol was composed of gold coins, satirizing the control of Monopoly financial capital.

  Despite its upheaval, Weimar Germany was at the forefront of new styles and movements in art and design. We can easily draw a conclusion that arts in Weimar was shaped largely by the wars and the social and economic conditions in post-war Germany. Then traditional value was questioned and Germany artists began to experiment with new styles and techniques instead. Art shows the life. With poverty, inflation and defeat, a social transition appeared in works, recovering the real Germany culture and society in Weimar.

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