Planned Parenthood in America

解决校园里学生的健康等问题时，我们发现一个非常吸引了我们注意的点——不当的性关系和意外怀孕这个主要问题，不仅对学生的健康有害而且对他们未来的发展也有不好的影响。因此，我们决定调查美国的计划生育。俗话说，“读史使人明智”，因此很有必要去了解什么是计划生育。此外，了解计划生育的历史也可以启发我们如何处理不当的性关系和意外怀孕问题的解决方案。

Descriptive abstract

When addressing the health and well-being problems on campus, there are many issues waiting for us to tackle, such as the inadequate campus medical support including expensive medical fees, poor medical condition etc. When sorting out all the detailed problems, a particular one attracted my attention - inappropriate sex and unwanted pregnancy which not only can do great harm to students’ health but also to their future development. Therefore, I decided to investigate on History of Planned Parenthood in America. As the saying goes, “Histories make men clear to something”, therefore it is of great necessity to understand the important of what Planned Parenthood does. Moreover, to know the history of Planned Parenthood can enlighten us on how to go with the solution of inappropriate sex and unwanted pregnancy.

This report can be divided into four parts: abstract, summary, body and conclusion which include recommendation. In terms of the content of the report, it is mainly about the history of the Planned Parenthood which focuses on the historical facts of American Planned Parenthood. The investigation method applied in this report is based on the question “what is the history of the organization from its development up to present day”.

Executive Summary

The history of Planned Parenthood will focus on the development of Planned Parenthood mainly in America and will also refer to other countries’ situation, for the report to help promote the larger project - grant proposal. The report covers the establishment and development of Planned Parenthood from 1916, when it was formal and things that have happened until present time. The reasons why this report concentrates on the history of Planned Parenthood are as follows:

1. History of Planned Parenthood can tell us why we should beware of the problem;

2. After we are aware of the problem, what can and should we do to solve the problem, namely the history can provide us a model or a pattern of what we can do to deal with the issue.

3. History is encouraging. It says: “look, we could have done this long time ago, what is stopping you from doing it now?”

The main point of the report is the general history of Planned Parenthood. More specifically, it includes what is the organization is about, why did the organization founded, who made contributions to its foundation and how it originated. As for the research methods applied in the report, it is mainly bibliographical method. For history is mainly recorded on materials, the report collected information mainly from authorities websites of Planned Parenthood which is very trustworthy.

Upon research, Report found despite the fact that Planned Parenthood has taken a very long time to develop with many challenges along the way; it was helped lots of people during its existence. Planned Parenthood has also facilitated the development of medicine or medical equipment. More importantly, the organization improved the health and well-being of families living in the United State in general. And now, the organization is gaining momentum. The United States where abortion has been legal contraceptive controls are increasing on a daily basis.

Based on my findings, the report draws the conclusion that UND should also pay attention to this Planned Parenthood problem, because that UND are relatively more venerable to suffer from STDs or unwanted pregnancy which do have a negative impact on their well-being and prospect. College grant should be put in building such similar organization or club which must be rewarding to students or collaborating with Planned Parenthood to keep student healthy.

Brief introduction of Planned Parenthood

Planned Parenthood is an organization committed to providing contraception and other health services to women and men, funding research on birth control and educating specialists and the public about the results and advancing access to family planning in the United States and around the world. They believes in the fundamental right of each individual, throughout the world, to manage his or her fertility, regardless of the individual's income, marital status, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, national origin, or residence.

The reasons for the establish of Planned Parenthood

It should date back to the 1870s during which a series of harsh measures, called the Comstock laws, were issued, making contraception an illegal act and declaring that information of family planning and contraception is "obscene." As a result, women in the United States were being put in a vulnerable position. They have no rights to vote, sign contracts, have bank accounts, or even divorce their abusive husbands. They cannot control the number of children they have or have access to information about birth control. The over-numbered children of a family can lead to family financial crisis; in African countries can even famine. Even the illegal nature of abortion at that time has led to sever results either to the parents or the children.

For instance, from 1956 to 1962, hundreds of women in the U.S. and Europe who took the drug thalidomide while pregnant give birth to children missing arms and legs. Sherri Finkbine, an American mother of four who used thalidomide, is refused an abortion. More than 60 percent of Americans disapprove of the refusal. Mrs. Finkbine flees to Sweden for a safe, legal abortion. (The fetus is gravely deformed.) Her case and others involving women who have taken thalidomide convince many Americans that anti-abortion laws need reform. In 1966, an epidemic of rubella, which, like thalidomide, causes a high incidence of fetal deformity, heightens public anger against abortion bans.

For the above reasons, the Planned Parenthood is gradually rooted in the United States and the world.

The establishment of Planned Parenthood and its great contributor

In1916, Sanger, her sister, and a friend open America's first birth control clinic in Brooklyn, New York. Very soon, the police raid the clinic and all three women are convicted of disseminating birth control information.

Despite the obstacles, Sanger founds The Birth Control Review, the first scientific journal committed to contraception. And in 1923 Sanger opens the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau in Manhattan which provides contraceptive devices to women and collect statistics to prove their safety and long-term effectiveness. In same year, Sanger joined hands with the American Birth Control League, an organization that embraces the global issues of world population growth, disarmament, and world famine. Soon the two organizations merge, and later become Planned Parenthood® Federation of America, Inc.

In 1960s, Planned Parenthood has already become a respected and powerful voice in the movement for women's rights, fighting successfully for increased access to birth control, pushing for the creation and funding of domestic and international family planning programs, and playing a crucial role in the development of the pill and IUD (intrauterine device).

In 1970s, triggered by the fetal deformity in America and European countries because of the anti-abortion laws, a new revolution on legal and safe abortion law started. And very soon, ten states liberalized family planning legislation and begin to provide family planning services. In 1963, Colorado liberalizes its abortion law, followed by 13 other states in the next three years.

Today, there is having 716Planned Parenthood health centers across all 50 states, helping numerous people each day.

Conclusions

Review the history of Planned Parenthood, we can see that it has greatly improved the living standard of Americans and advanced the researches on contraception which is an important contribution to scientific research. It has taken a long and hard time to develop it and many efforts has been made during that course.

From the history, we know that access to information on birth control or conception is very important to the health and well-being of both women and men. Likewise in college campus where our young man and women are sexually active those days, so here I suggest, college campus inviting more specialists of Planned Parenthood to give informative lectures on birth control or contraception methods. Or, we can send some capable students or volunteers to Planned Parenthood study for a few weeks. And when they came back, they can establish a Planned Parenthood club to communicate with troubled students and held regular club activities concentrating on the Planned Parenthood topic.

The history of Planned Parenthood also benifits the students in the follwoing aspects:

First of all, as the world’s famous novelist - Francis Bacon has once written : History makes men wise. By reflecting the past of the Planned Parenthood, we not only can know the establishment of that organisation, but more importantly we know what important ideas has put forward at the founding of Planned Parenthood, such as equity between woman and men. We know that the facts of history does not mean anything, but it is the ideas behind the facts of history that matters. From the history of Planned Parenthood, we can easily realize the importance of knowing the information of birth control, abortion. If female students do not know how to protect themselves from being pregnant, they will face a dropout of school; or if students have no idea of inappropriate sex may bring them deadly diseases, they will face a dim future. History can well serve people to keep them from making those unnecessary mistakes that have already committed in the past. In general, history can give students an ideological idea of how to avoid those unnecessary trouble which inappropriate sex can bring.

Secondly, by reviewing the history of Planned Parenthood can also bring students an angle to do academic researches. We all know that before we do a certain research, the literature review is the preparation for our research paper. By analysing the facts of what happened in the past, we know which aspects have  studies and done enough and which aspects have the potential to be explored more. To sum it up, I believe history of Planned Parenthood can bring convienience to students who want to do an  academic resarch in that field.

Thirdly, the history of Planned Parenthood is also a good material to inspire students. The launcher of Planned Parenthood ,Sanger, has experienced twists and turns in trying to build a bith control organisation( she has been arrested and charged many times), yet she insisted and she made it. From a birth control clinic to an international organisation, the success of the organisation told us that sometimes the existed norms or regulations are not reasonable. So as long as you have enough reason to believe you are right, you should stick to your dreams and you will find out that you are right. I think this is kind of spirit is particular important for students. We need to believe ourselves and fight for it.

In general, students can benifit from the history of Planned Parenthood in ideological, academic and spiritual aspects.

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