Aim Of Trench Warfare In WWI The Aim of Trench Warfare Disease-infested, plagued with rats, and a haven for bombs, trenches proved impractical in World War I. Thousands of soldiers lost their lives to disease, rats, and air raids due to the antiquity of trench warfare strategy. Of course, World War I is looked at as an odd war, juxtaposed with horses and tanks, trench warfare and a

Art as Survival in the Holocaust Creation in a world of destruction: Art as survival in the Holocaust The Holocaust in art and the art of the Holocaust are two distinctly different forms of art. The former refers to any art depicting or alluding to the Holocaust. It includes works created both during and after the war, by victims as well as people not directly threatened by the event

Democracy in Athens DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS The rise of the Athenian city-state took place c. 1000 BC. Athens is located on the mainland in an area known as Attica, across the straits of Messina from Sparta and Corinth. Dorian invaders overran the Ionian natives c. 1000 BC. Unlike the Spartans, the Dorians assimilated the Ionian culture and became peaceful. Athenians turned towa

Athens & Sparta Athens and Sparta Sparta was founded by the Dorians who occupied the Peloponnesus of Greece. In the 8th century B.C., the Spartans conquered nearby regions and made people be their slaves. Since the slaves outnumbered the Spartans by as many as 10 to 1, they set up a military government in case the slaves revolted. The Spartan aim was to make strong-bodied and fearless

Athens Opposed To Sparta During the times of Ancient Greece, two major forms of government existed, democracy and oligarchy. The city-states of Athens and Sparta are the best representatives of democracy and oligarchy, respectively. The focus of the times was directed towards military capabilities, while the Athenians were more interested in comfort and culture. It was the oligarchy in S

Augustine City Of God St. Augustine’s City of God The philosophies of Saint Augustine were remarkable and perhaps revolutionary for his lifetime. Augustine believed in a unity of government and church, a unity in which God is the sole ruler. Augustus fundamental beliefs were based on the idea that man was created in likeness of God, in order to carry out God’s work on earth. (Dietric

Barbarian Barbarian. Within the text of Herodotus, this term meant “a non-Greek.” Originally, this term was not meant to be offensive or negative, but over time the Greeks began to think of themselves as culturally superior to the barbarians. The Greeks believed in a concept called “guest-friendship.” Guest friendship was when one man (or community) would extend his protect

Bastille Day: A Turning Point In The French Revolution Bastille Day: A Turning Point in the French Revolution The French Revolution was a political movement devoted to the people, more specifically, the common people. The motto of the Revolution was “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity,” meaning freedom, equals, and alliance. Although the Revolution was thought to be a bloody tragedy by so

Belfast Agreement The Belfast Agreement is not a perfect document, but it does represent a significant attempt to deal with issues that affect all situations of inter-group conflict. The approaches that were adopted in the Agreement may help others attempting to resolve similar problems elsewhere. The threat to peace and stability within Europe is now often more likely to come from intra

Benjamin And William Franklin Trotter 1 William and Benjamin Franklin During and After the Revolutionary War William remained imprisoned in Connecticut for a little more than two years. He used his past authority as governor to grant pardons to the farmers he met on the outskirts of town. From Middletown, William was marched forty miles to Litchfield where he would remain for eight

Bubonic Plague Christians and Muslims both believed that the plague was sent by a higher power. Ironically, they both also believed that it was God sending a message to punish the people for what they had done wrong. During the time of the plague, many people could not understand where it came from. Initially people believed that it was caused by an alignment with planets. Some othe

Adolf Hitler By the end of 1934 the foundations of a totalitarian state in Germany had been truly laid, discuss. This essay will attempt to prove that by the end of 1934 Adolf Hitler's Nazi party had begun a campaign, which could have ultimately turned Germany into a totalitarian state. Hitler became Führer in 1934 and from there he continued his policy of Gleischaltung or coordinatio

Byzantine Empire The greatest of medieval civilizations was the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was divided in 395. The Western half, ruled from Rome, was ruled by the barbarians in the 5th century. The Eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire, lasted for more than over 1,000 years. The Byzantine Empire was one of the leading civilizations in the world. In 324, Constantine, the

Cardinal Richelieu Up until the mid 17th century, it was evident that France was by no means a major player in the field of European affairs. Spain was still the most powerful state as it held a dominant monopoly over European commerce and economics. However, by 1648, this power would shift, and France would come into it’s own in terms of political and economic influence. The transfer of

Charles V Charles V Charles the V was born in 1500 A.D. and lived to 1558 A.D. Charles V came in to rule with strong heredity lines, which gained him much power and control over large amounts of land. He was also a very capable ruler who competently stopped revolt after revolt in many different areas of his rule while also expanding his empire farther. After conquering much territo

Chiang KAi-shek Led To The Fall Of The Kmt Chiang Kai-Shek was a great military mind of his time. So how come Chiang Kai-Shek can be considered solely responsible for the failure of the KMT to maintain control of China' He manage to practically exterminate the communist during the long march, However later when he should have been rallying the support of the Chinese Peasant and working t

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus is a man known to all as the pioneer explorer to reach the New World. His discovery, however, as great as it may have been, was only an accident. He was the first to come up with the idea that the earth was round and that if he sailed long enough on way he would not fall of the earth but just end up in the same place. As a child he was not w

Chronicles Of The Crusades King Louis, a servant of God, may just be close to perfection. What can make a king worthy to be called a Saint' King Louis character is documented by Jean, Lord of Joinville, and Seneschal of Champagne covering the time of pilgrimage with the king in a six year period. This third-person depiction of a king was an observation that aimed to enlighten the pers

Collapse Of Western Rome The Roman Empire stood in great power for many decades. Rome for a period of time was considered the center of civilization for years. The empire was beautiful and even though attracted many invaders, was very well protected by the walls surrounding the empire and of course the powerful army. Some people believed that the Roman Empire would last forever.

Barbarization of the Roman Army The fourth and fifth centuries saw a profound change in the great Roman army. What was once a predominantly Roman institution became increasingly “barbarized”, a term used by historians for the Germanization of Roman culture, with more and more northern peoples being used in the army, which, some modern historians claim had a negative impact on the Empire

D-Day INTRODUCTION Imagine if you will. Go back in time to June 5th, 1944 to a place known as England. You’re a British citizen use to hearing the sounds of war. These sounds include heavy transport vehicles, marine vessels and airplanes. It is nighttime and you have suddenly been awakened by louder than normal sounds. You step out of your house for a moment and to your surprise

Battle of the Somme The Battle of the Somme lasted from July 1916 to November 1916. It was easily one of the worst battles ever fought. This battle took place at the Somme River,which runs through Europe. The opposing armies fought in a line of trenches over 960 Kilometers long. The trenches stretched from the Belgian Coast to the Frontiers of Switzerland. Although trench warfare was loo

Battle of Verdun During the First World War Verdun was a fortified French garrison town on the River Meuse 200km east of Paris. In December 1915, General Erich von Falkenhayn, Chief of Staff of the German Army, decided to attack Verdun. Although he admitted he would be unable to break through at these point on the Western Front, he argued that in defending Verdun, the Germans would "blee

Dual Religions In an era of great human discoveries arose a compulsive desire to learn of man's origins and place in the scheme of the universe. People aimlessly searched for one to guide them with wisdom on the right path, the path away from suffering. In the West, in the small country of Israel, such a man arose. But before him, another in the East came and went, a man of great spiritu

Beothuk Indians The Beothuk were the aboriginal inhabitants of Newfoundland when European settlers first arrived. The total Beothuk population, at any one time, is thought by present day archaeologists to have numbered between 500 and 1000 individuals. Their subsistence economy was marine based, supplemented by inland Caribou hunting. Their traditional enemies were the Micmac and the L

Elizabethan England Elizabethan England During Elizabethan England, people were much more creative than people are today. If we look at the circumstances at which people lived during the Elizabethan period, we can see why people of that time period did some of the things that seem so odd to us today. The people of Elizabethan England hand numerous reasons to be depressed and self-

Epic Hero Epic Hero Essay The Anglo-Saxon society had many important aspects. One crucial aspect was the epic hero. Beowulf is a great example of an epic hero, and displayed it effectively throughout the events of the poem. Beowulf was considered to be the most powerful of mankind. The Geats looked upon him as their “Guardian of Crime,” for he slayed every demon and fought every

Berlin Wall Who Was to Blame for the Cold War' The blame for the Cold War cannot be placed on one person -- it developed as a series of chain reactions as a struggle for supremacy. It can be argued that the Cold War was inevitable, and therefore no one's fault, due to the differences in the capitalist and communist ideologies. It was only the need for self-preservation that had caused

European History After 1500 there were many signs that a new age of world history was beginning, for example the discovery of America and the first European enterprises in Asia. This new age was dominated by the astonishing success of one civilization among many, that of Europe. There has certainly been “progress” in Western history since 1500. Europeans eventually became masters of t

European Union European Union Research Paper The European Union (previously known as the European Community) is an institutional framework for the construction of a united Europe. It was created after World War II to unite the nations of Europe economically by uniting their economic resources into a single economy. By doing this another war among members would be unthinkable. To date