The wage and benefits system in the United States

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The wage and benefits system in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的工资福利制度。美国1962年《联邦工资改革法》和1970年《联邦雇员收入科比法》颁布后，确立了联邦公务员和私人企业中相应人员报酬相等的原则。现行的美国联邦公务员法定工资系统有一般行政工资、驻外人员工资和退伍军人医务人员工资。此外，还有蓝领工人工资、行政长官工资、高级行政官员工资以及自定行政工资等辅助工资体系。

The federal wage reform act of 1962 and the federal employee income kirby act of 1970 established the principle of equal remuneration for federal civil servants and private enterprises. There are three types of federal civil service statutory pay systems in the United States: the general administrative pay scale, which applies to most white-collar employees. The salaries of the staff stationed abroad are divided into those for office affairs and those for diplomats; Veterans' pay for medical personnel. In addition to the three main statutory wage systems mentioned above, there are also auxiliary wage systems such as blue-collar workers' salary, chief executive's salary, senior administrative officer's salary and self-determined administrative salary.

General administrative salaries, known as GS, are based on the 1949 job classification system and are applicable to most civil servants. General administrative salary scale is based on the size of work responsibilities, degree of difficulty and required qualifications and other factors, from the legal determination of their wage standards. It is divided into 18 grades, general administrative staff continuous work should be promoted to the deadline, the work assessment is qualified, can be upgraded within a grade, excellent performance, can be upgraded.

Self-determination of administrative wages means that the parliament authorizes the heads of some departments to make compensation for their own departments or part of their special working systems. Self-determined salaries also include subsistence allowances for students trained in government hospitals, clinics or laboratories; A standard of pay for employees of a federal public institution.

Incentive pay refers to the cash and honorary awards given to public officials by various government departments and independent agencies who, in accordance with relevant regulations, have made outstanding achievements or made reasonable Suggestions and made contributions to the improvement of government work. The types of bonus include: special achievement award, excellent quality award, economy award and suggestion award. The size of the award is determined by the dollar value of the proposal and the work performed for the government. For example, the award standard for saving is 10% for those saving less than $10,000. A bonus of less than 10% will be given if the bonus exceeds $10,000. These bonuses have played a positive role in encouraging public officials to do more.

The United States federal civil service wage system follows the following principles: equal pay for equal work; Distribution according to work; Federal civil servants are paid the same as their private-sector counterparts; The wage brackets are interconnected.

The constitution of the United States has made the principle stipulation to the federal civil servant's salary system, but the special wage law and the implementation detailed rules have made the concrete stipulation to the civil servant's salary each aspect. The factors that determine the salary grade and difference include: position, responsibility, education and technical level, nature of work, working environment, working hours, labor intensity, regional differences and working years.

The President has two departments in charge of payroll. One is the President's office of wage determination, which consists of the administrator of the office of personnel management, the secretary of labor, and the director of the office of the budget. The other is the federal wage commission, which includes five union candidates. The heads of the two departments are appointed by the President for a six-year term. The two agencies submit two annual reports to the President on pay, one on civil servants' salaries compared with those of business workers, the other on union members' views on pay. On the basis of these reports, the President decides how to report to parliament, and the report is subject to approval by parliament. The general administration of personnel administration shall be responsible for the day-to-day administration of wages.

The amount of money paid to federal employees is not fixed, but changes every year. In recent years the federal government has focused a great deal of attention on the method of determining wages in the general wage scale, which is divided into the following steps: the bureau of labor statistics conducts PATC surveys and collects data on the occupational types equivalent to gs-1 to gs-15 in the private sector. Submit PATC findings to the President's office of wage determination, which consults with the federal employees' pay commission. The office of wage determination advises the President's adviser on wage adjustment. At the same time, the President was advised by a three-member federal salary advisory board appointed by the President from outside the federal government. The President issues an executive order to adjust GS salaries every October 1, the start of the federal fiscal year.

In order to ensure that the real wages of public servants are not reduced due to price increases, the United States has stipulated since 1968 that the wage amounts of the first class to the fifteenth class are automatically adjusted with the change of price index. The executive's salary was formulated by congress. On August 9, 1975, the President of the United States signed an "administrative wage adjustment act", which connected the chief executive's salary growth rate with the general executive's salary growth rate, making the chief executive's salary increase with the average percentage of general executive's salary every year. The chief executive's salary has 5 levels.

The remuneration of the personnel of the private enterprise in the United States is regulated according to the law of market supply and demand. The salary of the middle and low level employees of the federal government is equivalent to that of the corresponding personnel in the private enterprise, but the salary of the executive personnel of the federal government is not more than that of the corresponding personnel in the private enterprise. Six-figure salaries are common in the private sector, but less so in the public sector.

In order to ensure that the salaries of federal civil servants are not lower than those of employees in the private sector, regular comparative surveys are conducted between the salaries of federal civil servants and those of employees in the private sector. The average salary of the us civil service is consistently lower than that of the private sector, with a total average difference of 26.68 per cent in the 1988 survey. Because the career of officeholder is stable, the identity gets certain safeguard, enjoy all sorts of munificent welfare treatment at the same time, officeholder career still has certain appeal, team is more stable. But institutions that attract the best talent to government are less competitive than private firms because of wage differentials. Traditionally, U.S. government employees have been paid less than private companies because the government provides job security and other benefits in addition to wages.

There are about 120 different wage zones in the United States. There was no regional income difference for jobs included in the general payroll, and there was a regional income difference for blue-collar employees. Working in an area with a poor environment or a high cost of living, plus a district allowance of 20 to 25 per cent of the original salary.

Salaries are a major part of the income of public servants. In addition to official salaries and bonuses, government employees receive additional income such as night and overtime pay. Departments that must work year-round also pay a holiday fee. Employees working abroad can receive travel allowances, and some have housing and uniform allowances. Other benefits include life, health, wages, disability insurance and other insurance costs. Life insurance is generally covered by private insurers, with the federal government paying one-third of the premiums and 75% of the health insurance for employees. American social allowance, besides cash allowance, still include a few blame cash allowance, the housing that if the government offers, service, board, etc. Unemployment benefits in the United States are based on 40 percent of the original salary of an unemployed civil servant and last for 182 days. The leave for civil servants shall be calculated on the basis of length of service: if the length of service is less than 3 years, the annual leave shall be 3 weeks.

Other than civil servants' salaries, such as pensions, insurance benefits and vacation allowances, are referred to as "petty benefits". According to a 1978 survey by the office of personnel management in the United States, "small benefits" account for 41 percent of the average salary of civil servants in the general administrative category, and even higher for some special positions, which indicates that the component of subsidies has occupied an important position in the income of civil servants.

In addition to career stability, American civil servants also have paid leave, flexible working hours, unemployment benefits and various kinds of insurance. In addition to statutory holidays, U.S. civil servants are entitled to 13 to 26 days of paid leave per year, based on length of service. Unused paid vacation days for the current year can be accumulated and saved for the following year, but not more than 30 days at most. When a civil servant was fired, the government paid him unemployment benefits equivalent to 40% of his salary for 26 weeks.

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