知识经济时代的贸易壁垒分析--留学悉尼Essay代写范文

悉尼留学生Essay代写范文:“知识经济时代的贸易壁垒分析”，这篇论文主要描述的是在知识经济迅速崛起的今天，通过网络来开展的商业活动也在迅速的增加，国际范围内的商业活动也开始从资源、资本密布型产品贸易转变成为了知识密布型产品贸易，但我们该如何将现有的经济类型转变为知识密布型打破贸易壁垒就成为了我们要思考的问题。

With the recent rapid development of the knowledge economy and the rise of Internet commerce , knowledge-based economy in international trade commodity structure has undergone great changes, while international trade gradually from the natural resource-intensive products, capital -intensive products to a knowledge-intensive products, trade barriers, scope and focus of the controversy is also transferred to the knowledge economy.

Compared with the traditional trade barriers , trade barriers era of knowledge economy changes mainly in the following areas:

相对于传统的商业活动壁垒，知识经济时期商业活动壁垒的变动主要表如今以下方面:

First, knowledge and technology to become an important factor affecting trade barriers

一、知识和技术成为影响贸易壁垒的重要因素

Since the 1990s , information technology, knowledge industries as the main indicator of the rapid development of knowledge economy , overall knowledge , talent quality and technological strength will replace capitalism as the fundamental element of competition , scientific and technical knowledge will be the development of a new international trade important motivation. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers study shows that high-tech products export of the United States since the 1990s, sustained economic growth is one of the main factors . In this situation , trade barriers gradually to the knowledge-based development , technical barriers to trade will become the primary means of trade protection . The WTO "TBT Agreement " recognize the legitimate objectives can be taken in order to protect technical trade barriers. It can be predicted for a long period of time, technical barriers to trade will become the primary means of protection .

Second, the green barriers in trade barriers, increasing the proportion of

Green barriers namely environmental barriers . Not only in the era of knowledge economy is characterized by high trade barriers to increase the knowledge of the content , but also , as people gradually increased ecological awareness , trade barriers but also in order to protect human life, health and protection of the ecological environment the level of the ground on . Environmental barriers are reasonable elements , but each member of the WTO agreement also allows parties to take the necessary technical measures to prevent normal rationality is not only known for its international trade or discriminate against other members of the party prevail . But the new environmental barriers and often overused by some developed countries , on the products of other countries for deliberately making things difficult or discrimination.

Third, the hidden nature of trade barriers and increased complexity

On the one hand , new barriers to trade more subtle than before . Whether traditional trade barriers limit the number or price specification , they are relatively transparent , it is easier to understand and deal with. The era of knowledge economy as a wide range of trade barriers , involving multi- product standards and product is something other than these complex measures is changing. As countries develop product standards arbitrary strong , demanding . The WTO and other international organizations are not very good for the Member States of the TBT timely review and take effective measures to sanctions , which led to countries, especially developed countries according to their national trade situation develop irrational chaos difficult to achieve technical standards and forms, covering a wide range. Technical barriers to trade measures are based on high-tech technology is standards-based , high technology level is not difficult to make the development of English national judge . The current TBT measures involve a very wide range . And TBT diffusion effect is also very alarming .

On the other hand , new trade barriers than the traditional barriers involved in a wider range of new trade barriers are mostly involved in technical regulations , standards and internal policies and regulations, it is more than the traditional barriers of tariffs, licenses and quotas too complex , involving a wide range of goods , assessment procedures more complex. Currently a large part of trade measures that each country or international organization certification system, such as the EU 's CE certification, American UL certification mark , the International Organization for Standardization ISO9000 management system certification , some countries have intentionally or unintentionally through complex certification process , increase product manufacturer and exporter of cost onto the domestic industry is facing pressure. Some of the UK agricultural exports frequently the world, especially the United States , Japan and other developed countries, trade barriers , many test items , conformity assessment procedures complicated and , to some extent , restricted the British exports of agricultural products . As one of the three major countervailing trade remedy measures in developed countries also began to be abused. In 2005, Canada had three from the British anti-subsidy investigations , two of which impose a countervailing duty . UK government and enterprises should try to do to cope. Fourth, the barriers to trade disputes gradually increased, gradually increase the difficulty of coordination . New economic era hidden trade barriers complexity of the different regions and between countries is very difficult to reach agreement , and its dual nature and very easily lead to disputes between countries and disputes . States to take measures , technical barriers ( especially green technical barriers measures ) often change, and national differences, so that the development of English country's export manufacturers difficult to adapt. France, for example simply provides clothing hairy rate reached more than 85% can be regarded as a pure wool clothing ; while Belgium provisions hairy rate must reach 97% ; Federal Republic of Germany is demanding, with gross rate must reach 99% of the time , in order to called wool garments. Since TBT covers a very wide range , and some are quite complex , with its formal legitimacy and implementation process of concealment, from different angles, different countries have different evaluation criteria , which is difficult to coordinate between countries , easily lead to disputes , and a longer time to resolve the dispute . After the 1970s , the international economic trade war focused on general merchandise trade, however , the 21st century international trade war will gradually focus on technical barriers to trade .

In a knowledge -based economy of the 21st century , the British foreign trade is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities are , therefore, to grasp the knowledge economy era of new trends in the development of international trade , research knowledge economy under the conditions of the characteristics and content of trade barriers , is conducive to economic development strategy to adjust the UK , take positive and effective measures to promote the British foreign trade development.

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