Comments on Mill's Arguments in On Liberty--美国Essay代写范文

美国Essay代写范文:“Comments on Mill's Arguments in On Liberty”，这篇论文主要描述的是在英国著名思想家密尔的《论自由》当中主要强调的是一种唯心主义的思维，并且这种思维已经有些极端，那么什么才是真正的自由呢？密尔认为自由是理想与极端的结合，这也是密尔《论自由》中的局限之处，没有正确的重视社会基础的影响。

As far as I am concerned, I think Mill’s opinion on liberty is with idealist thinking and extreme to a certain extent. But it is mostly correct and precise in defining true liberty, for true liberty is nothing but ideal and extreme, whether in theoretical discussion or in reality. Mill does not think highly of culture, custom, and habit, which, for the most part, have formed, structured and sustained the foundation of the society. He argues that these elements suppress individuality and liberty of discussion and thoughts.

Generally speaking, I agree with him for the most part, however, for the part relating to how to obtain the truths, I cannot agree. From my opinion, liberty of thoughts and discussion does not necessarily lead to truths as Mill alleges. In addition, I don’t believe that complete and absolute liberty and individuality would have definite help in achieving truths. Mill describes the thoughts and discussion being opposed may be right, or partially right, or even if not right, can still prove the value of mainstream ideas and shape them. But from another perspective, this can also be said about the mainstream ideas--the so-called controlling ones. I hold the view that most of human beings are of normal and average intelligence, occasionally but not so often, the universe would send a genius among us. Most people are not capable or intelligent enough to produce or pursue truths, and this is not their fault but their limitation they are born with. So giving them absolute liberty of thoughts and discussion, and individuality, would create nothing but chaos and disorder. To pursue truths, we need to set up ground rules for the society and teach the public the basics and then some of the giant people would climb the high mountains in science and other areas to seek for truths.

From copious experiences of history, I think it is possible for culture practices to be separated from the tyranny of the majority and the despotism of cultural systems. There was a period in Chinese history, referred to as Spring Autumn, where there were hundreds of cultural groups competing and debating with one another with their free will all the time. People can choose to believe and follow whichever they would consider true and different emperors would choose different culture to guide his governance and ruling. As long as there is no central government, there would not be the despotism of a cultural system because thoughts and ideas need no binding, just free and liberal discussion. But just as what happened when Qin dynasty unified the entire country, great deed in the history also created a true disaster to culture variety, once there is a central power, culture practices would be nowhere close to true liberty.

In terms of being engaged in cultural practices and still be “sovereign over our minds and bodies (9)”, I think for bodies, it is possible, but not for minds. As I have emphasized above, cultural practices can be of liberty, even though it may not be possible in today’s world, there is still the possibility. However, to be engaging in a cultural practice and still have complete control of our minds is too difficult a goal to accomplish. Human beings have the tendency that as Mill stated in p.4 of Chapter II, “People more happily situated, who sometimes hear their opinions disputed, and are not wholly unused to be set right when they are wrong.” This habit deeply rooted in everyone’s mind prevent them from taking full control of their minds since they want to be admitted right all the time, more than their desire of actually seeking for truths.

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