The UK's policy of developing a low-carbon economy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The UK's policy of developing a low-carbon economy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国发展低碳经济的政策。为了保证低碳经济的发展，英国政府颁布了一系列的政策法规及配套措施，这让英国成为全球首个为温室气体减排目标立法的国家。另外，英国还规定对于可再生能源及小型太阳能发电系统，政府每年将给予资金补贴。

In recent years, the UK has been committed to promoting the "low-carbon economic development model" internationally. The British government believes that developed countries should help developing countries to promote low-carbon economy as soon as possible and give them more financial and technical support. In 2003, the UK first proposed to the world the development of low-carbon economy, and regarded low-carbon economy as the most important task of its energy strategy. In 2009, the UK once again called on all countries to develop low-carbon economy through the "road to Copenhagen" report. In July of the same year, the UK low carbon conversion plan was officially released, and the report proposed that the UK's total carbon emissions by 2020 would be 34% lower than that in 1990. At the same time, the British government has formulated a series of supporting reform programs on business and transportation, including the British renewable energy strategy, low-carbon transportation strategy and the British low-carbon industry strategy. Since then, low-carbon economy has entered a new level of practical operation. Therefore, the British government has put the implementation of low-carbon economy in the strategic height of the country.

The UK government has issued a series of renewable energy subsidies in order to reach the 2020 renewable energy plan. For example, in the 2008 energy bill, the government will subsidize renewable energy. In 2010, the UK launched the "mandatory purchase subsidy scheme for renewable energy power" and "renewable energy heating subsidy", which became the first policy in the world to encourage people to use renewable energy by subsidizing electricity price. The policy stipulates that the government will subsidize 1,000 pounds for households using renewable energy for heating. In 2011, the British government set up a carbon fund in the UK, which is mainly funded by the collection of climate change tax and landfill tax, to help enterprises develop low-carbon technologies so as to reduce carbon emissions.

The UK was the first country to impose a climate change tax, targeting only industrial, commercial and public sector suppliers of energy products, with tax breaks for those providing biofuels, clean energy or renewable energy. The climate change tax has been levied nationwide since 2001. The government's goal is not to expand the tax source to raise financial funds, but to make efficient use of energy and promote renewable energy. Similar taxes include fuel, vehicle travel and air passenger taxes.

The British government has issued a series of policies, regulations and supporting measures to ensure the smooth progress of low-carbon economic development strategy. In 2008, for example, the national energy act provided 900 pounds a year in subsidies for renewable energy and small solar power generation systems. In the same year, the government enacted the climate change act and established relevant energy and climate change departments, making the UK the first country in the world to legislate for greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. The government released its carbon budget in 2009. As a core provision of the climate change act, the carbon budget in the first stage has established three implementation cycles, each of which is five years, with a cap on the total carbon emissions in each stage, so as to establish the national emission targets in 2020 and 2050, and design a reliable and long-term framework for the transformation of the UK's low-carbon economy.

In recent years, the UK's carbon emission reduction target plan, warm air plan, community energy plan and other policies have benefited the local residents, stimulated the UK's low-carbon market demand, promoted the successful transformation of the low-carbon product market, and promoted the rapid development of low-carbon economy. The government has always been committed to advocating low-carbon behaviors to the public. In addition, some non-governmental green organizations have also played an important role in promoting the formation of energy-saving habits in society. They provide and disseminate low-carbon economy information and knowledge in a variety of ways to guide people to change their way of life. Many public service advertisements in the UK are about low-carbon economy, such as "unplug the charger when not in use can save 30 pounds a year, change the energy-saving lamp can save 60 pounds a year" and so on. The British government subtly guides the public to gradually change the traditional way of life, making low-carbon consumption increasingly popular and a social habit. Public participation is mainly realized through the environmental participation right and supervision right granted by law.

The development of new energy is the source of sustainable development of low-carbon economy. In recent years, Britain has made great efforts to develop wind energy according to its advantages in natural wind resources. In 2000, the British government started to build offshore wind power stations. Through relevant policies and financial support, the UK is now the country with the largest number of wind power stations in the world. It is estimated that the total capacity of wind power generation in the UK will reach 33 billion kw by 2020, accounting for 50% of the total global wind power generation. To this end, the British government has issued a series of incentives, such as 120 million pounds in full development of offshore wind power. In addition, the government attaches great importance to the development and promotion of other new energy sources, such as nuclear energy and geothermal energy, and encourages every family to install clean energy equipment in their homes through subsidies. In 2014, the UK's total renewable energy generation capacity has reached 24.2GW, accounting for 19.2% of the total power generation, surpassing the 19% of nuclear power generation for the first time in history, making a historic leap in the utilization of new energy.

At present, the scale of carbon trading market is constantly expanding, and carbon emission right has gradually become a kind of financial asset. Developed countries have generally formed a series of financial instruments, including direct investment financing, bank loans, carbon funds, carbon index trading, carbon options and futures. In the future development process, carbon trading will occupy a high position. China should actively promote carbon trading and choose the right place to set up a carbon exchange.

The Chinese government should increase financial support for the development of low-carbon economy and vigorously promote the use of new energy sources. At the same time, governments at all levels should set up special support funds to encourage enterprises to research, develop and apply new energy sources to reduce carbon emissions from coal, oil and other energy sources, and implement relevant incentives to promote energy conservation and emission reduction.

In the era of low-carbon economy, the most competitive technologies are clean energy and efficient energy technologies. If you want to take the market leading position in the fierce international competition, you must make a breakthrough in this field of technology. The Chinese government must speed up the research and development of low-carbon technologies to maximize energy efficiency. We will extensively participate in international exchanges on low-carbon technologies, absorb useful information, and accelerate innovation of low-carbon technologies in line with China's actual development needs.

The government can choose to start from those low-carbon lifestyles that are closely related to public life, such as low-carbon transportation, low-carbon construction, low-carbon consumption, low-carbon lifestyle, etc., and produce some low-carbon policy publicity programs to expand the popularity of policies and help the public improve their awareness of low-carbon. At the same time, the government should also give strong support to social environmental protection organizations, so as to call on the masses of residents to act together. In addition, the government should strengthen the education of students' low-carbon behaviors and establish corresponding cooperation with schools. For example, regular lectures on low-carbon knowledge are held on campus to enhance students' recognition of low-carbon behaviors.

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