American isolationist foreign policy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- American isolationist foreign policy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国孤立主义的外交政策。孤立主义是一个国家或者民族通过一种自上而下的国家政策以及客观条件形成的一种封闭状态。美国的外交政策和清朝的闭关锁国不同，它并没有关闭经济贸易，而是减少美国在当时面临的外部威胁，从而维护美国当时脆弱的国家政权。美国的孤立主义更像一种休养生息的政策，让美国民众摆脱战乱的意识形态。

Isolationism is a closed state formed by a country or a nation through a top-down state policy and objective conditions. The foreign policy of the United States was different from the closed-door policy of the qing dynasty. It did not close the economy and trade, but reduced the external threats faced by the United States at that time, so as to maintain the fragile state power of the United States. American isolationism is more like a policy of recuperation. It is the ideology of the American people out of war.

At the beginning of the founding of the United States, President Washington proposed the policy of isolation. The core idea of isolationism is to warn the Chinese people not to get involved in the war disputes between European powers and to handle the affairs of the United States independently from the interference of the international environment. On the face of it, the isolationist policy of the United States seems to be to close itself off from other countries. In fact, it is a neutral foreign policy that does not involve European countries in European affairs. This provides a historical basis for the early American isolation.

Open the world map, when we look at North America, it is easy to find the unique geographical location of the United States. The position of the United States, separated from Asia by the Pacific Ocean and from Europe and Africa by the Atlantic ocean, fully satisfies the geographical requirements of isolationism for the United States. In the eighties and nineties of the eighteenth century, sea transportation was so backward that it was extremely difficult for any country to travel far out to sea. In this way, it is quite difficult for the United States to go abroad, or for other countries to establish relations with the United States or to engage in war and aggression, which promotes the breeding of American isolationism. In addition, most of the United States has a mild climate, especially suitable for production, and is a paradise for European immigrants. Henry kissinger said: "since the geopolitical point of view, of an island off the coast of the United States and Eurasia." In his farewell address in 1796, President Washington said, "we are alone, far from other nations, and this geographical position allows and compels us to pursue a different course of policy."

After the long-term colonial rule of Britain, the United States was greatly exploited and exploited economically, and its national strength was weak. At the same time, the American war of independence launched for independence and the consumption of resources by the second war of independence also made America's living beyond its means. The overall strength of the country is quite different from that of the UK and France, which cannot compete with the UK and France at all. In international relations, the weak has no voice, proficient in the way of existence of Washington President put forward the "little with foreign political involvement" and "avoid long-term alliance with any country", "little bear the international responsibility, also avoided by sacrifice" and a series of initiatives, using a self-imposed isolation of foreign policy to reduce the risk of countries may suffer from.

There are complicated historical reasons for the implementation of American foreign policy. On the one hand, European religions were in constant conflict with the local Puritan forces in North America, and puritans were initially bullied and oppressed by other sects, leading to the accumulation of puritanism's feelings of isolation and exclusion. There were also infighting and infighting among the Puritan internal forces, which acted independently and became the driving force for the implementation of isolationist policies to some extent. On the other hand, before the independence of the United States, many regions experienced long-term high-pressure policies, and a large number of political and religious persecution immigrants came to the United States. These people were full of hatred and loathing for the old land of England. In addition, during the British colonial period, years of war inevitably affected the American colonies. The American people hated war so much that they deliberately distanced themselves psychologically from the countries and rulers of the old continent, which deepened the feeling of "isolationism". This emotion, passed down from generation to generation, grew into the common consciousness of the American people. In addition, because the United States has been a nation for a short time and has no historical burden, it has more room for its foreign policies to play out and dares to explore foreign policies different from those of other countries. Isolationism is also a bold attempt.

The emergence of American isolationism began before the founding of the People's Republic of China, and then gradually developed and gradually reached its peak. Then it gradually declined in fluctuation, and finally died out completely after Pearl Harbor.

The isolationist policies of the United States were sown when Europe emigrated to America. On the one hand, the colonists represented by Britain and France in Europe turned a large area of the United States into a British colony through brutal killing of the Indians in North America. The local residents were miserable and full of hatred and escape psychology towards the European colonists. On the other hand, some European immigrants who were oppressed and persecuted by the ruling class at home wanted to escape from the old continent. Most of these people, filled with resentment and fear of the old world, have a deep sense of independence. Among them, puritans in the colonial areas of the Americas had the strongest emotions. They believed that Europe was the prime culprit of the turmoil in the Americas and the source of all crimes.

The early sprout of isolationism, fundamentally speaking, can not be called the American isolationism policy, can be regarded as the seeds of isolationism policy, this seed slowly sprout, there is the "towering tree" of isolationism behind.

If the pre-revolutionary war period was the embryonic period of American isolationism, then from the "declaration of neutrality" after the founding of the People's Republic to the farewell speech issued by Washington in 1796 can be regarded as the initial development stage of American isolationism.

In the early years of its independence, the United States had no interest in international affairs because of the long war. In April 1793, the two great European empires, Great Britain and France, went to war. Both Britain and France hoped to draw the United States into the mire of war as their own power. President Washington is acutely aware of the impact of the war on an unstable America. "Now that Britain has gone to war, our government should make every effort to remain firmly neutral and do everything possible to prevent our citizens from getting us into a vortex and taking sides on either side." The United States government strictly prohibits people from helping either side in the war, and tries to avoid the mire of the anglo-french war. Although Britain and France have a lot of dissatisfaction with the American policy, but the situation of war, also can not have any strong means against the United States. Thus, the neutral foreign policy of the United States took shape initially.

At the end of his presidency, Washington delivered his famous farewell speech. The farewell address warned Americans to eliminate prejudice against European countries and conduct normal economic exchanges. However, it does not establish long-term alliances or dependencies with any country to prevent it from getting involved in wars between Allies and other great powers. The farewell address in Washington conveys to the American people the idea that any action of the United States is carried out for its own interests. The United States will not and cannot forget its own security for the sake of its so-called Allies. The idea is just right for the American people. This idea is of great significance to the formulation and implementation of American foreign policy in the future.

After the development of several generations of presidents, the isolationist foreign policy of the United States has entered a normal state of development. By President Jefferson era, isolationist foreign policy has been a new development, and even the ultra isolationist policies, for example, President Thomas Jefferson in the British and French military conflicts between the two countries, successively promulgated two embargo, thoroughly with the continent from the political and economic, in a short period of time, the United States is not too big impact. However, this complete isolation caused great losses to America's foreign trade economy. American leaders were quick to recognize the negative effects of an aggressive isolationist foreign policy. He believed that the war in Europe should be used to grab more economic benefits and develop national strength.

As the overall strength of the United States increases, the United States gradually has the courage to shout with European countries. By the time of President Monroe, the Monroe declaration was issued to further prevent European countries from interfering in American affairs. "In the future, no major European power shall regard the free and independent nations of the American continent as objects of future colonization," it said. The Monroe declaration can be said to have provided guiding principles and policies for the development of the United States. After that, the United States not only developed its own economic and military strength, but also had the possibility to expand and develop its hegemony in the Americas. The United States took advantage of Britain's deep involvement in the war to penetrate its sphere of influence into the heart of Latin America. The Monroe declaration was a stopgap measure to keep the European powers out of the Americas when America was not strong enough.

In Roosevelt's era, American isolationism took another step forward. It not only resisted European intervention in the Americas, but also further strengthened the voice of the United States in the Americas through Roosevelt's inference, and even intended to dominate the Americas. As early as 1902, Wilson declared in his inaugural address as President of Princeton university that "a new era has opened up before us, an era in which it seems as if we must lead the world." In 1913, Wilson succeeded the President of the United States, and proposed new explanations and challenges to the isolationist foreign policy proposed by his predecessors. Wilson believed that the isolationist foreign policy formulated by our forefathers was a kind of rejuvenation policy in the early days. The essence of it was to wait for the right moment, and when the national strength was strong, to make vigorous efforts to compete with European powers again, expand the scope of influence of the United States, expand international influence and fight for rights and interests. The United States effectively improved its international status through the first world war. But the war also brought disaster to America. Supporters of American isolationism began to oppose Wilson's diplomacy. In the 20th century, the international environment became more and more complex. In August 1935, at the initiative of supporters, the United States congress proposed the "legislation on the limitation of arms transportation". Isolationist foreign policy reached its height.

At the start of the World War II, when American independents were still trying to stay out of the way, the bitter experience of Pearl Harbor shattered the illusions of American isolationists. By Truman's time, Truman was reintegrating Wilson's foreign policy and trying to expand American influence internationally. After World War II, the Soviet union rose rapidly and European capital was subjected to unprecedented provocation. In order to curb the rise of the Soviet union, the United States quickly adjusted its foreign policy and began to negotiate with Britain, France and other countries to establish the north Atlantic treaty organization, replacing the original isolated foreign policy with alliance, expansion and hegemony. At this point, the American isolationist foreign policy died out completely.

Because of its independence, the United States no longer has any advantage in foreign trade. In 1790, almost half of all American exports went to Britain, and 90% of American imports came from Britain. Three-quarters of America's foreign trade was still with Britain. Therefore, if the relationship between Britain and the United States is not properly handled, American trade will collapse. The isolationist foreign policy of the United States has just helped the United States gain some bargaining chips. Britain feared that the United States would form an alliance with the rival power France, so it signed the "jay treaty" with the United States. The United States obtained preferential foreign trade with part of the British territory and met the demand for raw materials for economic and military development. At the same time, with the withdrawal of British troops from the northwest, the United States regained a large part of territory, which was conducive to the national reunification and the rise of domestic economic development. National industry "started the great wheel of industrial modernization."

Similarly, France fears forming alliances with the enemy. Seeing that the United States remained neutral and did not help either side, and that France needed a lot of military spending to start the war, France sold Louisiana to the United States for 50 million francs. This has special meaning for the United States. Louisiana was twice the territory of the United States at that time. It was rich in food and abundant in fuel, which provided sufficient industrial raw materials for the development of the United States. Since then, the development of the United States has entered a high-speed and stable development pattern.

To sum up, the reasons for the formation of the isolationist foreign policy of the United States are complex and diverse, which is a true reflection of the national conditions of the United States at that time. Isolationism has been a foreign policy in the United States for a long time, which has been interpreted and exerted by several generations of leaders. It is a typical foreign policy in the history of the United States. Isolationism gives the United States, a newly established country, more opportunities for development, provides a relatively peaceful space for development, and promotes the rapid development of the United States.

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