Reflective Journal of “The role of social security in poverty alleviation”

51Due教员组今天给各位留学生带来一篇反思日记essay代写范文，建立社会保障体系，由政府配合扶贫政策，是消除贫困的重要途径和方法。杨达乔的讲座“社会保障在扶贫中的作用”介绍了通过建立社会保障制度来减轻贫困的过程，以及与之相关的一些有争议的问题。

Reflective Journal of “The role of social security in poverty alleviation”

Introduction

The establishment of a social security system by the government with assistance policies, is an important way and method to eliminate poverty. The lecture “The role of social security in poverty alleviation” by Tat Chor Au-Yeung presents the process of poverty to be alleviated by establishing a social security system, and some controversial issues related to it.

A brief Summary of key highlights 

The guest lecture entitled “ The role of social security in poverty alleviation” shows different means and methods of modern social welfare with a definition of social security, various types of it, its trilemma and activation. Social assistance, that is, minimum income protection, has characteristics to provide the safety net for vulnerable groups whose interests have been unprotected in the process of commercialization. But this social welfare has limited coverage, implying questions of conditionality. In addition, the activation model of the welfare can be divided into the use of market and the principle of train-first. Accordingly, in this model of welfare, the social welfare system also pursues the principle of in-work benefits, which interacts with minimum income protection.

Balance of Socioeconomic factors and political equity in the implementation of welfare programme

From this lecture, in-work benefits has led to the question of balance between poverty alleviation and employment promotion. The social welfare system always been swinging between the equity or the market. The economic factors and political institutions are relevant based on the assessment of social security facts (Galasso, & Profeta, 2002, p.1). When the economy is booming, the minimum income protection is generous and can basically benefit all members of society. However, once the economic crisis, social welfare is easy to become the targets of reform. It implies that the delivery of social welfare is not only about charitable delivery, but also about efficient investment.

On the one hand, the purpose of social security is to eliminate or prevent the threat to society members caused by poverty and certain economic and social disasters. In the market economy, the problems of income disparity, poverty and unemployment caused by competition in the market economy appear. “Statutory income protection programmes seek to address the problem of income insecurity”(Tang & Midgley, 2008, p.18, cited from Au-Yeung). In the welfare state with a conservative model, the tendency is relatively clear. The state is in a dominant position in the provision of welfare. Welfare carries with the concept of a just society, which provides members of society with as much security as possible and guarantees members of society against poverty and violence. Such dimensions of welfare provision are less related to economic development, but are questioned with limited social legitimacy. 

On the other hand, social welfare has increased the human capital investment of residents and further improved the efficiency of economic development. It remains a question how to maintain personal dignity and economical efficiency, when providing security for the basic lives of social members. It needs to use some means to reallocate resources. As the lecture suggests, in liberal welfare regime, government also has stricter restrictions on the assistance of the unemployed (Au-Yeung, 2020, p.11).  This limits the social security of those who are able to work but do not want to work. The minimum living security provided to certain specific groups, especially unemployment subsidies, etc., in fact provide protection for the reemployment of the labor force and reduce the unemployment rate. Also, according to the lecture, focuses more on the regulation of incentives and taxation (Au-Yeung, 2020, p.13). It allocates social wealth to the people through indirect methods such as education and medical care. Therefore, social welfare ideas have different connections with employment promotion.

Despite many differences of approaches, the social welfare system must be compatible with the idea of justness and the country's economic and social development. 

A social welfare for the elderly group

The problem of poverty among the elderly is a common problem facing the contemporary world when the elderly population continues to increase. Based on this, the social welfare of the elderly faces a dilemma. According to the special needs of the elderly and the characteristics, they provide packages of allowance for the elderly in the areas of maintenance, and medical treatment.

The elderly population is a vulnerable group with a high chance of poverty. As the elderly grow older, they will gradually lose or reduce their ability to work. At first, minimum income protection fail to fully meet the needs of the elderly. Also, they can not enjoy in-work benefits. The family is the greatest single source of support for most elderly persons (Selby, Schechter, & United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, 1982). Therefore, if the elderly do not have support from families and adequate pension, poverty will impact the security of the elderly. 

The worsening of poverty among this group of people requires the strengthening of the specific social security system aimed at the elderly. Different standards can be established to distinguish different elderly people and implement different old-age care subsidies according to different economic conditions and service needs. The old-age allowance is needed as a welfare program for the elderly (usually those over 80 years old) to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Also, pension service subsidy for the elderly with financial difficulties can be introduced. It is to provide financial support for elderly people living in financial difficulties who are elderly, living alone, and disabled, etc. By setting up those social welfare packages to provide basic living security and services for the elderly, it is a typical make-up welfare, unlike the universal inclusive welfare.

Eliminating poverty among the elderly is a systematic project, although in this system project, government plays a key role in helping the elderly poor to reduce poverty. The social welfare of the elderly advocates participation of multiple sides in social welfare, including the government public sector, for-profit organizations, non-profit organizations, families and communities, etc. to participate in the provision of welfare services. They can enter a pension institution or to receive community and home pension services freely. It is considering the provision of welfare services from the perspective of the entire society. 

Conclusion

Social security systems are naturally linked to poverty eradication. In a society with unequal distribution of resources and benefits, social security plays the role of balancer and stabilizer, and it is one of the main forms of equity. But social security systems also stress the role of activation in the process of promoting employment and reducing poverty.

Reference lists

Au-Yeung, Tat Chor. (2020). “The role of social security in poverty alleviation”.

Galasso, V. , & Profeta, P. . (2002). The political economy of social security: a survey. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(1), 1-29.

Selby, P. , Schechter, M. , & United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs. (1982). The Individual and the Family. Aging 2000. Springer Netherlands.

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