The local characteristics of Chinese and western literature

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The local characteristics of Chinese and western literature，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中西文学的本土特色。本土特色一直都是一个具有世界影响力的文学作品的重要指标之一，奇异的情节设置、充满悬念的故事发展使哥特小说更具恐怖色彩，而西方魔幻小说则往往没有这样环环相扣的情节，它更多体现在细致的场景描写上。本土特色体现在很多方面，在小说中特别是自然环境和文化景观、宗教和神话、社会历史经验三方面，但差异性也正由此而生。

Although the gothic novels in Europe were produced earlier and had a great influence on American gothic novels, they were far less famous, more popular and more classic than American gothic novels. Faulkner, POE, hawthorne, o 'connor, Stephen king, and Anne rice have already overshadowed gothic fiction throughout Europe. One of the important reasons for this is that their creation is as significant as the definition of "American gothic", especially the distinctive "southern gothic".

The most obvious form with local characteristics is the natural environment and cultural landscape, which is a clear impression to the reader. Both gothic novels and Tibetan magic novels use more or less surreal and supernatural description methods, which are based on natural environment and cultural landscape. The author endowed the whole novel with a gloomy, horrible, decadent or beautiful style through the technique of unreal as well as real, and completed the first step of the imagination of the ancient society, the present society, the future society and even the foreign society -- the tonal imagination.

From the perspective of European and American novels, there are differences in the colors of natural and cultural environments. The creation of gothic novels in Europe mainly includes Britain, Germany, France and so on. Britain is the birthplace of gothic novels and the most representative one. With the unification of the British nation, the rapid development of the economy and the expansion of the foreign colonies, they also tried to look for the same glorious Britain in history. Britain is a country surrounded by the sea. The sea has given them many complicated emotions too early: awe, fear, arrogance, open-minded, life consciousness and so on. Besides the plains of southeast England, the mountains of the Midwest, the mountains of Scotland, the highlands and mountains of Northern Ireland are all mountainous features. Germany and France belong to landlocked countries. Rhine river, Bavarian plateau and Alps mountains provide them with rich imagination space. In terms of cultural landscape, gothic churches, monasteries, castles, opera houses and so on are most commonly used, which represent a kind of temperament of the European past. These natural environments and landscapes often appear in the writings of most gothic writers, especially Radcliffe. In her masterpieces, the secret of eudover and the Italian, there are wonderful descriptions on this aspect. "In her novels, the sublime and majestic landscape of nature and culture is everywhere. Dark mountains, vast plains, blood-red sunsets, dark abyss skies at night... Old buildings, especially great ones like castles, churches or monasteries, can also evoke fear and the illusion of rising into the sky." Gothic novels written by European writers tend to be dark, scary and gloomy, while American writers tend to show post-war decadence, decadence, gloom and loneliness. Xizang magic novels in the new period of China are also good at using natural environment and cultural landscape to pave the way for novel tone and expand the author's emotional world. Tibet's geographical features are very distinct, and there are certain similarities with the plateau of Latin America. Deep plateau gorge, snowy mountain meadow, eagle, cattle and sheep, and temple lamas often wander in their works. Such as the Tibetan writer zhaxidawa "leather knot" of the cloth is just mountains, ravines crossbar master palmprint, Guo Kang side stream of wasteland, steep mountains, color wave "bamboo" sound under the faint cave, loy floating in the snow in the "dust", alpine meadow, Fan Wen kagebo peak stretch on the "earth" snow mountain, lancang river grand canyon, magnificent yantian, with prayer mani pile, the endless wind... These Tibetan magic writers often through the selection of the scene or a deep sense of history, along with, loneliness, or directly express the beauty of Tibet and pleasant, harmony, peace, or with the aid of religious and myth draw elegantly magic ethereal picture, but often these complex tones will merge in the work. Of Tibetan writer zhaxidawa's Tibet, soul is attached to the leather knot ", for example, the opening that depicts the protagonist in Tibet when I hear the Peruvian folk song "the eagle" imaginary pictures: "the plateau of the valley, cleft the bushes flocks, and the foot of the mountain is divided into small pieces of land, the harvest of the sparse, brook water mill, stone on the side of low houses." Obviously, the author does not spare praise, love and pity at all, but in fact the same scene, in the search for shambhala has become a static and desolate memory. Similar descriptions are almost ubiquitous in fan wen's "earth trilogy", and it can be said that the whole novel is enveloped by rich and magical scenes, especially "water upon the earth".

Another important aspect of local identity is that people in different places may have different beliefs and different stories. Religion and myth are themselves rich imaginings of human beings, and it is very appropriate and easy to operate a new social imagination of the attitudes of both believers and non-believers.

Religion itself, like philosophy, appeals to the world shaped by man's inner self and spreads it to the public. From occurrence, development to peak and decline, western gothic novels have experienced a society full of contradictions. With the rapid economic development in Europe, all kinds of contradictions have been intensified: the inherent contradictions of capitalist society, the loss of social morality under the concentration of capital, and the increasingly heavy suffering of the lower workers. The gothic period in the United States was also a time when the war was just over. These social realities undoubtedly brought great psychological pain to the local people at that time. When life step by step toward a decaying and endless pain, when it was found that the original noble angel god - the bishops, priests and some of the selfishness, rudeness unbearable, the person, we will no longer serve god in front of the reality of the bony and people began to doubt god's power in moderation is strong enough, what faith will bring their real life. Their loss of religion led to their fascination with gothic novels. Matthew lewis's the monk greatly satisfies this psychology of the reader, a critical concept and thinking in this work has a strong paper description.

In Tibetan magic novels, novelists almost all hold a positive attitude towards Tibetan religious belief, even if a little hesitant, but by no means negative. Their work often, consciously or unconsciously, produces imaginative answers to popular questions about where a faithless society would go, and the answer, of course, is that existence is necessary. For the Tibetan compatriots, the national culture of the Tibetan nation is almost completely attributed to Tibetan Buddhism. "The ideal of social life, the orientation of ethical values and the concept of artistic aesthetics it provides constitute the soul of Tibetan culture and determine the world outlook and values of the Tibetan people." The six-word mantra of Tibetan Buddhism and the three treasures of Buddhism flow in the blood of tibetans at every moment, such as alai's "the dust settles", zhaxidava's "Tibet, hidden years", "fantasy trilogy", "shambhala in turmoil", and especially rich ones such as fan wen's "water and milk on the earth". The three of them go through three different stages in their judgment of spiritual belonging. To some extent, "dust settles" satirizes the power of religion with the tone of a "fool" and tears up those established religious world views and the world of gods and buddhas with falsehood. Its purpose is to mention the history of "theocracy" with human rights fighting, rather than to completely deny religion.

A unique social history cannot be duplicated, and a unique historical narrative often implies the true or false social imagination of the author, the reader and the whole society, which is much more concrete than the previous two kinds. These two kinds of novel texts themselves have a large part of fiction, which is undoubtedly the author's imagination. These fictional descriptions of The Times reflect the author's different social imagination. Fiction is the author's imagination of society, and fiction as an object is the imagination of society, which is a very interesting relationship between the two kinds of novels.

Gothic novels reveal the present society and look forward to the future society through the imagination of history. It "is a unique form of historical legend, a form of fantasy about the past and foreign cultures, which makes sense to modern readers through various cultural and political refracts." The middle ages, as a glorious age of Europe, became the historical context in which the story took place. It was a time that Europeans were proud of. However, in order to make its realistic significance more prominent, writers must put the realistic factors into it, imagine a gothic historical world, and highlight the alienation characteristics of people and things in that time and space. Gothic novels set up many unique literary motif: the most prominent motif of "revenge", the vigorous motif of "incest", the bizarre motif of "apparition", and the motif of "double personality". In fact, these minor aspects are the imagination of the problems of the European and American societies in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the writing and reflection of the subcultural characteristics hidden under the surface of cultural optimism. For example, in Radcliffe's novel "the Italian", figures like skantoni and marchioness always insist on the judgment of children's marriage, which actually represents a stubborn historical force, era value and ideology. The author hopes that this kind of imaginative description can give some enlightenment to real people.

Tibetan magic novels have gradually succeeded in shaping a new and complete image of Tibet, which is both "spirit" and "reality", in the original expectation of the public. There is no denying the writers' fascination with Tibetan culture, but they are also brave enough to penetrate the hidden worries and embarrassments behind Tibet. In those great works with the color of "one hundred years of solitude", such as "the turbulent shambhala", "Tibet, hidden years", "the dust settles" and "the watery earth", history quietly flows under the pen, flowing with brilliance and harmony, as well as blood and tears, loneliness and desolation. These works all more or less wrote the plot of the new things into Tibet, indicating that the modern culture of new things began to impact on Tibet. They appear simple and awkward in the face of new things, which can only endue them with the creation of magic. Another important focus of Tibetan magic novels is the discussion of the Tibetan people's insistence on responsibility, morality and ideal, which is based on the strong reflective consciousness and fierce contradictions. History is changing. In the clash of civilizations, Tibet is always in contradiction and confusion. The road ahead is always waiting to be explored. But no matter how hard it is to choose and choose, responsibility, morality and ideals never fade. On the other hand, these insistence also reflect their desire for the unsatisfied things in life. As for whether Tibet is an ideal society, the author asked Tibet to make group expression, which brings people endless thinking between yes and no.

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