The study of social philosophy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The study of social philosophy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了社会哲学的研究。社会哲学是一门古老而又年轻的学科。21世纪以来，人们开始关注和建构社会哲学。作为马克思主义哲学新的研究生长点，社会哲学有利于推动马克思主义哲学社会理论的发展，对社会转型及发展具有指导作用。长期以来，人们对于社会哲学学科定位一直存在争论，对于社会哲学研究对象和研究方法的见解更是不一而足。

Social philosophy is an old and young subject. In China, since the reform and opening up, people began to pay attention to and construct social philosophy. As a new research point of marxist philosophy, social philosophy is conducive to promoting the development of social theory of marxist philosophy, and plays a guiding role in China's social transformation and development. For a long time, people have been arguing about the orientation of social philosophy, and there are different opinions about the research objects and methods of social philosophy. This article has carried on the preliminary exploration to the social philosophy research object and the research method.

Social philosophy is a philosophical reflection on society. It focuses on the ontological problems of the internal structure and process of society, the reasonable evaluation of social system and various social values related to human beings, such as the analysis and evaluation of freedom, democracy, equality, justice and human rights. This view mainly comes from the definition of social philosophy in beck's handbook of social philosophy: a philosophical criticism of the social process related to social structure and social function. Beck argued that people should understand social philosophy from two aspects: one is to evaluate the society according to norms and values; The other is to analyze and evaluate the arguments put forward by people to support some specific systems and practices. It can be seen that this kind of social philosophy research is to use certain philosophical methods to start from the ontological problems of social structure and social process, to develop the evaluation of social values. Therefore, the basic content of social philosophy research in this view is social ontology, social axiology and social methodology.

Social philosophy takes social structure and its changes as the basic research object, or social philosophy takes the study of social structure as the basic starting point to investigate social and historical problems, and studies those social, historical and practical problems that can only be truly solved through the analysis of social structure. The theorists of this view divide marxist philosophy into two dimensions: the dimension of historical philosophy and the dimension of social philosophy. The dimension of historical philosophy is historical materialism established by Marx and Engels. Dimension of social philosophy by Marx and Engels, based on the theory of historical materialism, focuses on the 19th century in western society from the transformation of traditional society in the "dependencies" to "the dependence of the object on the basis of the independence of the people" complete commodity economy society of the social transformation, puts forward the theory of social structure and its intrinsic change rule.

Those who hold this view mainly believe that, from the perspective of marxist philosophy, social philosophy can be equated with historical materialism, and in a certain sense, social philosophy is historical materialism. However, historical materialism is a philosophical generalization about the most general law of social development, while social philosophy has a broader research scope. Marx's social philosophy not only includes the basic thoughts of historical materialism, but also contains a broader content than the basic thoughts of historical materialism. Therefore, they believe that Marx's social philosophy is the basic thoughts of historical materialism and the general application of these basic thoughts in the field of social history. Marx's social philosophy consists of two parts: first, it is the basic theory of social philosophy; Secondly, it is the general application of these basic theories in the field of social history, that is, the use of basic theories to analyze and explain social and historical problems with universality.

There are four views on the relationship between social philosophy and historical materialism: first, the theory of two levels. That historical materialism as the basic theory of marxist philosophy, is the most general scientific world view, historical view and methodology, belongs to the level of the philosophy of "yuan", and social philosophy is historical materialism philosophy of "yuan" under the level of department of philosophy, and historical materialism, based on the research of the mode of production and social economic form, to provide basic to the research of social philosophy world outlook and methodology guidance. In this view, marxist philosophy is the most general science about society, and in a certain sense, historical materialism is essentially marxist social philosophy. But marxist social philosophy in the real development of the situation, to more social reality of the overall grasp. Therefore, the specific content of research is broader than historical materialism. "On the one hand, historical materialism, as the 'only science' concept of social history and a universal theory of social history, covers social philosophy... On the other hand, social philosophy, as an applied philosophy, studies society as a whole. Its object of study is much broader and more specific than historical materialism, and in content it includes historical materialism within itself." This view, the historical materialism, marxist philosophy belongs to the philosophy of "yuan", social philosophy belongs to the RMB than a low level of department of philosophy, but both exist in many part of the intersection, just "one part of content can philosophy level after further refining into RMB, so that the marxist philosophy on this level to form a truly complete system of intrinsic unity; The other part should descend to the level of social philosophy and be further developed according to the orientation of this level." Of these views, the fourth is better understood. Although the "two-level theory" sees the most general difference between basic philosophy and department philosophy in marxist philosophy, it overstates the difference and ignores the inevitable intersection of the two in the research content. "Substantial equivalence and expand said" although saw the internal social implication of the historical materialism, but it simply equal to social philosophy, the social implication of this is actually reduced the level of the historical materialism, and raise the level of social philosophy, cannot reflect the essential difference between the two, at the same time also cancelled on the necessity of the social philosophy as an independent discipline. Although the theory of mutual tolerance has seen the internal connection between historical materialism and social philosophy, it is not appropriate to define the relationship between them only by the distinction of "quantity" in research content. To correctly deal with the relationship between historical materialism and social philosophy, we should pay attention to two points: first, we should distinguish the social implication of the basic theory of marxist philosophy from that of social philosophy. Marxist philosophy philosophy the social implication of infiltration in yuan reveals the reality of the marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels criticized the idealism was pure speculation from the spiritual level, to interpret the world and in the past the old materialism from the aspects of natural pure abstract understanding of society and people in the process of the formation and development, has the significance of philosophical world view. It can certainly provide the world outlook and methodology guidance for the study of social philosophy, but it is too far-fetched to equate the social implication with social philosophy and historical materialism with social philosophy. Even in the 17th and 18th centuries, the social philosophy represented by the theory of social contract in the west has its own internal philosophical basis, which is formed and developed on the basis of the philosophical world view of western philosophers. We cannot say that the social philosophy of social contract is the whole philosophical theory of those philosophers. Therefore, it must be made clear that historical materialism and social philosophy are not equivalent at any level. Secondly, the hierarchy between them should be strictly distinguished. Marxist philosophy in essence is a kind of practical philosophy, practice as the core concept of marxist philosophy, in the philosophical system of marxism world view of significance, it is this concept of "practice" of marxist philosophy and the former idealism philosophy and a clear dividing line with the old materialism philosophy from the perspective of the philosophical ontology correctly deal with the people, nature, society and history and their mutual relationship, and then established the historical materialism. Therefore, the "meta-philosophy" characteristic of historical materialism of marxist philosophy is very obvious, or a kind of "practical materialism". Marxist social philosophy, on the other hand, is a philosophical reflection on society based on practical materialism, which is closer to social reality and the second level of philosophical reflection based on the "meta-philosophy" characteristic of historical materialism. In clear the essential difference between the two levels at the same time, should also be in a broader field of vision to realize: historical materialism from level reveals the material production in the most general form of the decision of the social and historical development, but also to social and economic structure, political structure and cultural structure reflect the basic social elements such as reality, this is for the research of social philosophy provides a theoretical basis, also provides the material reality. Therefore, part of the content of historical materialism is reduced to a level and becomes a problem of social philosophy. Therefore, we cannot separate the two from each other and ignore their complementary aspects.

Based on the historical logic of modern social philosophy arising from modern social changes, some scholars believe that the research object of marxist social philosophy in China today should be the philosophical grasp of social structure and its laws during social transition. And that "the social structural changes that Chinese society is facing today provide the best historical opportunities for the establishment of social philosophical theories with Chinese characteristics." This point of view puts forward the value orientation of social philosophy towards real social problems, but at the same time it has obvious limitations: firstly, the connection between the generation and development of social philosophy revealed by this point of view and social changes lacks complete certainty. This "complete certainty" means that the generation and development of social philosophy and social change are mutually interrelated, that is, the generation and development of social philosophy must depend on social change, and social change can promote the generation and development of social philosophy. It is true that the social changes of modern society promote and lead the rise and development of modern social philosophy, which reflects the grasp of philosophy on the pulse of The Times. The social transformation of modern Chinese society is also playing an important role in constructing the social philosophy system with Chinese characteristics. However, this does not mean that only social changes or changes in social structure brought by social transformation can promote the emergence of social philosophy. In any society, even if the social development is only limited to the increase of "quantity" or even the lag of "quantity", the philosophical reflection on the society as a whole has never stopped. It can be said that social change or transformation is the sufficient rather than necessary condition for the emergence and development of social philosophy. Therefore, social change and transformation cannot be completely equivalent to the generation and development of social philosophy. Second, social philosophy is a philosophical reflection on the society as a whole. Its research object is the social elements and their internal changes and development rules. It includes various aspects such as social ontology, social axiology, social operation theory and social development theory. Social transformation and the changes and rules of social structure brought about by it are only an important factor or a major practical problem in the overall development of society. Of course, there is no denying that the major practical problems in the current social transformation of China do provide a good research "entry point" for today's social philosophy which is not very clear in terms of discipline orientation and research object. Social philosophy is to gradually clarify its development orientation and theoretical framework in the process of paying attention to the major practical problems of the society. This also reveals the intrinsic value of social philosophy as "the essence of the spirit of The Times".

The understanding of the relationship between the two can basically refer to the relationship between philosophy and specific science. First, there are essential differences between social philosophy and social science. This is mainly reflected in their different disciplinary levels. If the difference between social philosophy and historical materialism at the disciplinary level exists within the discipline of philosophy, then the level of social philosophy and social science exists in the philosophy and specific science. On the one hand, social science is the study of phenomena and problems in a certain field of social life. On the other hand, compared with social science, social philosophy is an overall philosophical reflection on social structure, social operation, social value, social development and its internal relations and laws, which plays a comprehensive role in related fields of social science and belongs to the category of "metaphysics". Secondly, social philosophy and social sciences are inextricably linked. On the one hand, social science provides a wide range of factual and value materials for the study of social philosophy. It analyzes, synthesizes, gives feedback and evaluates social phenomena and problems from the perspective of a certain discipline, and provides a unique perspective and realistic basis for the reflective analysis and evaluation of social philosophy on the whole. For example, in the study of social structure and its laws, sociology focuses on the internal relations among social groups, the composition of social organizations, the existence of social structure and various social roles; Social philosophy defines social structure from the perspective of revealing the interaction between historical subject and historical object and their changing rules. And this way of interpretation is inseparable from the materials about social groups, social organizations and social roles provided by sociology itself. On the other hand, social philosophy provides the support of world outlook and methodology for the research of social science. For marxist philosophy, the most fundamental is the scientific world outlook and methodology of practice, it is not only the theoretical basis of social philosophy itself, is also in social science research must be incorporated into the inner link of its theoretical system, no matter for which a science because it is over, only truly mastered practice point of view can really grasp the essence of the world and human nature, and thus lay a theoretical foundation for specific science study.

To sum up, social philosophy is based on the marxist scientific world outlook and methodology as the instruction, based on the reality of people's practice, basis on the theory of historical materialism, to China's social transformation brings great realistic problem as the breakthrough point, by the concrete social science for material support, for social ontology, social structure, social operation, social development, social value evaluation and its inherent law of overall grasp and philosophical reflection. Its object of study is in accurately distinguish and the historical materialism and concrete structure under the premise of social science, draw lessons from the research results of both, accurately grasp the pulse of The Times, China's social transition major issues form of social ontology, social structure theory, social circulate, social theory, social value and its inherent law of research.

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