The Karnak

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- The Karnak，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了卡纳克神庙。卡纳克神庙作为新王国时期的代表性建筑，是古埃及文明的重要载体。3000多年过去了，它仍然是惊人的庄严。卡纳克神庙位于底比斯的南端，卡纳克建筑群内的阿蒙寺不仅保存完好，而且建筑风格独特。卡纳克神庙崇拜阿蒙、穆特和来自底比斯的蒙图三位一体的神。

In ancient Egypt, religion as an important cultural phenomenon was a major source of its civilization. As a representative building of the New Kingdom period (1553~1085 BC), Karnak Temple is an important carrier of ancient Egyptian civilization. After more than 3,000 years, it is still breathtakingly solemn. The Karnak Temple complex is located at the southern end of Thebes, nowadays an open-air museum. The Amun Temple within the Karnak complex is not only well preserved, but also distinctive architectural style. The Karnak Temple we saw today is based on the temple of the 12th Dynasty Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom. It has been gradually improved by the Pharaohs of the 18th and 19th dynasties, Thutmose I, Amenhotep III, Sety I and Ramesses II. Almost every pharaoh left an architectural imprint in the temple. The Karnak Temple complex worships Amun, Mut, and Khonsu Trinity Deity the Montu Deity from Thebes.

The New Kingdom period is the golden age of temple architecture. Under the influence of the continuous development of Thebes, Amun's social status is also constantly improving. He gradually became the main deity of the kingdom, and thus became the protector of the kingship, the highest-ranking sun god in the New Kingdom period. For the Egyptians who believe in the blessing of the gods, the gods played a vital role in guaranteeing the pharaoh’s victory in the war.

Figure 1. Karnak, Hatshepsut and Amun Relief.

The pylon is one of the most distinctive parts of the ancient Egyptian temple. It is a building with two towers. In the Middle Kingdom period, it was made of masonry and formed the later tower style: composed of two symmetrical east and west towers and a bridge connected in the middle, symbolizing the east-west horizon. It is the place where the sun god will pass through every day.

Figure 2. Karnak, Khons Temple / Photo / c. 1880.

The indispensable part of the Karnak Temple building is the obelisk. The shape of obelisk is a column pointing up, which gradually shrinks from bottom to top. The tip is shaped like a pyramid top and is wrapped in gold, copper or gold-silver. When the sun shines, it emits a bright, dazzling light. It is usually carved from a single piece of granite and weighs several hundred tons. As a symbol of imperial power, obelisk is decorative, religious and commemorative.

Figure 3. Karnak / Amon Temple / Obelisks/C16/15 BC.

The huge columns in the hypostyle hall are densely distributed. This is not because of the consideration of the building roof load, but to reflect its symbolic meaning: the cylinders are embodied in the form of paper grass and lotus flowers. The vitality of these plants symbolizes the eternity of Pharaoh and God. The solemnity of life and divinity.

Figure 4. Colonnade of the Hypostyle Hall, Karnak.

The entrance to the first tower gate is a Sphinx Avenue, pioneered by the Queen consort of Egypt Hatshepsut. The Sphinx stone statues on both sides of the boulevard are with ram heads and the lion's body, different from the Sphinx of the Luxor Temple. A small statue of Ramses II is engraved between the two claws of each statue. The Sphinxes' head has a certain symbolic meaning. The ram is the incarnation of Amun and the protector of Pharaoh.

Figure 5. Karnak, Amun Temple, Great Court, Sphinx

References

Figure 1. Karnak, Hatshepsut and Amun Relief. Retrieved from: https://www.akg-images.co.uk/archive/-2UMDHUVD29W2.html

Figure 2. Karnak, Khons Temple / Photo / c. 1880. Retrieved from: https://www.akg-images.co.uk/archive/-2UMDHUQKRPW2.html

Figure 3. Karnak / Amon Temple / Obelisks/C16/15 BC. Retrieved from: https://www.akg-images.co.uk/archive/-2UMDHUF5G1CP.html

Figure 4. Colonnade of the Hypostyle Hall, Karnak. Retrieved from: https://www.akg-images.co.uk/archive/-2UMDHU1PNC2I.html

Figure 5. Karnak, Amun Temple, Great Court, Sphinx. Retrieved from: https://www.akg-images.co.uk/archive/-2UMDHUVX7Q8R.html

Jarus, O. (2012). Karnak: Temple Complex of Ancient Egypt. Live Science. November 30, 2012. Retrieved from: https://www.livescience.com/25184-karnak-temple.html

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