Ecological environment monitoring-paper代写

留学生paper代写精选范文：“Ecological environment monitoring”，这篇论文讨论了生态环境监测。生态环境的监测，检测的是人类活动对生态环境造成了哪些影响。其关键就在于选取的生态环境检测指标。一般来说生态环境监测选择的指标都是非常有代表性和敏感度的，这样才能综合反映出生态环境的问题，从而进行处理，解决问题。

In recent years, due to water loss and soil erosion, land desertification, floods and other ecosystem destroy a growing problem, make people began to re-examine the environmental monitoring. People realized that the environmental monitoring, generally adopt conventional physical and chemical and biological indicators monitoring, the monitoring method of partial simply harmful factors in the determination of the environment, not to the whole environment comprehensive evaluation. And the ecological environment monitoring can undertake comprehensive evaluation of the whole ecological environment, the development trend and existing problems of monitoring and evaluation.

Ecological system refers to the interaction between biological communities and their survival environment, interdependent relationship. A mature and stable ecological system, such as farmland, forest, grassland, desert, lake, sea, animals and plants, such as ecological system, the system of the internal system and external system of material exchange and energy exchange in a relatively stable state. The formation of ecological system needs a long time, once destroyed, its recovery or form new balance system, it also needs a long time. We referred to in the ecological monitoring object refers to the ecosystem.

Ecological monitoring, there is no unified definition at present. The view of ecological monitoring is a biological monitoring, thinks the ecological monitoring including physical and chemical monitoring and biological monitoring and earth is the influence of natural factors and human activities on the ecological system of observation and monitoring. But ecological monitoring the scope of the wider than biological disciplines, and cannot be fixed species to evaluate, therefore Kolkwiz and Marsson think ecological monitoring is to use the change of the biological community to evaluate environment, the focus is on evaluating natural ecological system of biological response. Released in 2011, the ministry of environmental protection in our country the environment ecological assessment technical guideline - ecological impact on the ecological monitoring is defined as: using physical, chemical or biological method on ecosystem or ecological system biological factor and abiotic factor in the situation and tendency of determination, observation. This definition from the aspects of method, object, purpose, made a relatively comprehensive description.

Macro monitoring spatial scope is broad, at least in the range of a certain area, maximum can be extended to a country, a region, even the world, the main monitoring area has special meaning in the scope of the distribution of the ecological system, the dynamic changes of the area and ecological function. Macro ecological monitoring mainly adopts remote sensing technology, geographic information system and ecological graphics, supplemented by regional ecological investigation and statistics methods. Monitoring information more output in the form of maps, compare with the natural reproduction and specialized maps, to evaluate the quality of the ecological system changes.

Micro ecological monitoring scope is narrow, is internal to one or a few ecological system of the ecological factors of physical and chemical monitoring, its object is the specific ecological factors changes under human activities. The work on the basis of a large number of field ecological monitoring stations, supplemented by mobile surveillance or air monitoring. Geographical area of each monitoring site is uncertain, the biggest can include composed of several ecosystem landscape ecological regions, the minimum should also represent a single ecosystem types, just monitoring object is ecological system within the specific ecological factors. Micro ecological monitoring according to the content, can be divided into:

Disruptive ecological monitoring, refers to a specific human production activities interference to monitor the condition of ecological system, such as deforestation caused by forest ecosystem structure and function, hydrological processes and material migration patterns change; Overgrazing grassland degradation caused by meadows, productivity; The development of the cause of ecological change; The influence of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, etc.

Polluting ecological monitoring, mainly refers to pesticide and heavy metal pollutants in the ecological system of the food chain transfer and enrichment of monitoring.

Rational ecological monitoring, after human governance refers to the damaged ecosystems, the ecological balance in the recovery process monitoring, such as monitoring of desertification land management process.

On the basis of micro ecological monitoring, guided by the macro ecological monitoring, the two different spatial scales of ecological monitoring, to a comprehensive understanding of the ecological system are influenced by human activities.

Ecological monitoring index system mainly refers to the specific projects to represent the basic features of ecological system. Set up index system, the first to consider ecosystem types and the integrity of the system, and should fully consider the function of ecosystem and the mutual influence between different ecological types. Generally speaking, the index system of land ecosystem including meteorology, hydrology, soil, plants, animals, and microorganisms six elements, hydrological ecosystem index system including hydrology, water quality, substrate, phytoplankton, zooplankton, swimming, benthic animals and microbes eight components, different elements of the basic indicators of ecosystem is different.

Ecological monitoring should first selection of ecological monitoring indicators. Its selection principle is: representative, can reflect the level of the ecosystem and the main ecological environment problems; Selection of high sensitivity, high influenced by external conditions, quick change of priority monitoring indicators; Reflects the comprehensive ecological environment problems, needs a variety of indicators; Operability and practical monitoring capability. Besides setting routine index, each type of ecosystem according to their own characteristics set also should reflect the characteristics of selective index, the two together constitute the index system of ecological monitoring station.

Selection of ecological monitoring methods, according to the existing conditions, clear the scope of work, put forward the main ecological problems for priority monitoring, and formulate the corresponding technical route. The technical route and solution mainly includes: the ecological environmental problems, site selection of ecological monitoring stations, the determination of ecological monitoring indicators, monitoring content and method, ecological monitoring, data sorting, establishing a database, information utilization, information or data output.

Ecological monitoring method with ground monitoring, aerial surveillance and satellite monitoring of three. Ground monitoring is to establish in the monitoring area fixed station, by the people walk or off-road vehicles and other transport according to the route planning by the measurement and data collection on a regular basis, it can only collect data within the scope of a few kilometers to a few tens of kilometers, and is expensive; Air monitor is using 4-6 single-engine light aircraft, map the working area, according to certain speed, height and Angle of observation on the ground, but the flight height error will affect the accuracy of observation; Satellite monitoring is to use the earth's satellite monitoring ground, air and surface water pollution situation, the method of vegetation is obtained from the earth resource satellite sensors of photos and images, the resolution can be up to 10 m. The biggest advantages of satellite monitoring coverage, can get artificial inaccessible mountains, jungle, costs are relatively low, but I can't understand changes on the ground. So in order to get the complete information, need the ground monitoring, aerial surveillance and satellite monitoring to cooperate with each other.

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