The electronic commerce cluster innovation foundation--留学生Paper代写范文

留学生Paper代写范文:“The electronic commerce cluster innovation foundation”，这篇论文主要描述的是美国是电子商务行业的发展和行为非常的迅速，但电子商务企业间的竞争也是非常的激烈，企业只有不断的降低各项成产和交易的成本，才能够在电子商务市场中保持竞争力，本文主要提到的就是电子商务集群经营的方式，以区域产业集群化，使得电子商务发挥出交互式、开放协作的特点。

Hua Guozhen (2011) analysis of the e-commerce professional market formation, management and other issues, e-commerce cluster elaborated the concept of knowledge management should be updated, gathering network operators scale and enhance the competitiveness of e-commerce platform. Shen Fung Chi (2011) considered in the context of e-commerce innovation, relying on third-party e-commerce platform to increase innovation management, and enable efficient and low-cost e-commerce features to be more widely demonstrated. Zeng Jing, etc. (2010) constructed a regional manufacturing clusters collaborative e-commerce platform, which has a smart, interactive, open collaboration features, and the ability of each cluster in the region to provide timely one-stop e-commerce businesses services in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources and logistics, administration effective docking, improve their competitive advantage cluster. But Bin, etc. (2010) to build an e-commerce industry cluster framework for joint development of the enterprise model, e-commerce enterprise agglomeration formed by the integration of resources, investment and financing, marketing and e-commerce platforms such strong support for upgrading industrial clusters, enabling e-commerce and Benign joint development of industrial clusters. Steinfield (2008) that the e-commerce industry cluster will become a common phenomenon in the process of modernization and the only way, almost all developed countries are usually competitive industry cluster approach taken to strengthen the e-commerce industry cluster construction has become the trend of urban development and an important development strategy. Joung Hae Seo (2006), Jerome, etc. (2009) analyzed the clusters of innovative features and cluster innovation networks and clusters of innovative relationships and build an integrated model to better understand the global innovation system. Domestic and foreign scholars for e-commerce industry clusters, industry clusters of innovation and industry cluster innovation model research more, and for the e-commerce industry cluster innovation research is relatively small, innovative ideas to study the use of collaborative commerce industry cluster basically a blank, so This study has some theoretical value.

U.S. e-commerce based cluster innovation

(A) U.S. e-commerce cluster has a relatively complete industrial chain foundation

The United States is the economic center of the Yangtze River Delta, is China's most economically developed cities. The United States as China's first e-commerce pilot cities, with more complete information and communication services, payment, logistics, security and other e-commerce industry chain infrastructure. In recent years has been the rapid development of e-commerce, such as Ctrip produce new eggs, quick money and other quality e-commerce company. U.S. e-commerce transactions in 2002 from more than 250 billion yuan to 425.28 billion yuan in 2010, compared with 2002 increased by nearly 16 times. 2011 half of the U.S. e-commerce transactions amounted to 249.505 billion yuan market, an increase of 24.77%. United States since 2004 in Putuo District Planning established e-commerce industrial park, still in Hongkou District, established a four e-commerce business park, the current Jiading District, Pudong District, e-commerce and other places are also accelerating the construction of industrial parks, which are for the further development of e-commerce industry cluster provides a lot of support.

(Two) e-commerce industry policy support

U.S. adherence to the "321" of the industrial development policy, vigorously develop the service industry, the formation of the industrial structure of the service economy. E-commerce as economic globalization and global information technology to adapt an economic operation, with the deepening of the integration of industrial development, will effectively promote financial, trade, distribution and other upgrading of traditional industries and all kinds of innovation and development of new formats . In recent years, relevant departments of the municipal government has formulated the "U.S. city to promote the development of electronic commerce implementation details," "American City E" Eleventh Five-Year "special plan" and "American City White Paper on e-commerce development," where "American City promote the development of electronic commerce regulations "as the country's first local e-commerce regulations promulgated and implemented in 2009. The release of the plan, a clear framework for the development of e-commerce of the United States to protect the continued development of e-commerce, which will make the U.S. e-commerce market has entered a new stage of development.

(Three) U.S. regional advantages

U.S. Located in the Yangtze River Delta Center International economics, international finance, international trade and shipping center construction makes the United States the four has a good location advantages of e-commerce development. In accordance with the relevant national strategic plan, the Yangtze River Delta will significantly accelerate the process of integration, regional market integration trend will become clear, the United States unique geographical advantages will be further apparent. Meanwhile, the U.S. has many strategic opportunities, whether it is our full integration into the WTO, or the 2010 World Expo held in the United States are an important strategic opportunity. United States as the country started the first e-commerce applications, the largest and most widespread of the city, has laid a good basis for e-commerce applications.

Collaborative innovation cluster development of power electronic commerce

Industrial park on e-commerce enterprises settled in research analysis found that "enterprises to reduce transaction costs, share collaborative cluster economy, prompting innovation" is the driving force for development, these dynamics will effectively integrate the various elements together, making e-commerce businesses and enhance their competitive force, creating greater economic benefits.

(A) reduce transaction costs

Coase (Coase) that the organization's main purpose is to reduce the presence of transaction costs. Although companies can choose vertical or horizontal integration of mergers and acquisitions to reduce transaction costs, but this will increase the enterprise's management costs. E-commerce transactions involving products, online payment, logistics, information services, and a series of links, an e-commerce business is unlikely to complete all of the links, which requires a large number of enterprise collaboration is completed. Gather together a large number of e-commerce enterprises to cooperate, allowing transaction costs greatly reduced, thus greatly reducing product costs and improve competitive advantage.

(Two) Share collaborative cluster economy

According to classical economics point of view, a single enterprise production capacity continues to increase resulting in economies of scale, while also increasing the cost of enterprise management, and reduces flexibility. In the e-commerce industry cluster, companies can achieve in a single enterprise scale and vertical integration within the cluster balance between. And within the cluster companies to efficiently close links with its corporate related transactions, including product manufacturers, information service providers, logistics companies, electronic payment providers, security management providers, sharing system resources as well as public resources so that each cluster members at low cost using complementary resources, so you can not sacrifice the individual cluster members flexibility and scope to obtain economic benefits, the economic benefits than the simple sum of individual enterprises is much higher.

(Three) to promote innovation

E-commerce between enterprises within the cluster will promote bilateral cooperation in a range of innovation activities. E-commerce enterprises in the cluster formation of strong competition pressure and turn into a strong majority of enterprises innovation power, forcing enterprises to accelerate the pace of technological innovation cooperation, improve product quality, payment levels, logistics speed, continuous service improvement. E-commerce to promote competition within the cluster formation of clusters innovation incentive effect, innovation spillovers, innovation and learning effects, cumulative effects, and innovative technology cost and risk reduction effect. These effects have a direct prompting companies to cater to a range of innovative activities within the cluster of cooperation between enterprises.

U.S. e-commerce cluster collaborative innovation model and its architecture

There are generally independent innovation cluster innovation, absorption and innovation, integrated innovation three models, according to the U.S. development of electronic commerce and the development process characteristics real foundation, e-commerce cluster innovation will be fully integrated into the innovation phase, combined with collaborative theory to solve the multi- the main advantage of the characteristics integration, e-commerce cluster collaborative innovation model is the best choice for U.S. e-commerce cluster.

Collaborative innovation is to use e-commerce cluster together to study the idea of ??cluster innovation issues; collaborative innovation cluster that factors of production and production conditions to achieve a new combination of innovative elements from within the perspective of integrating the organization, management, knowledge, technical services integrated innovation, and improve the effectiveness of e-commerce enterprises cluster innovation is the key to proper coordination of the various elements of the matching relationship synergies. U.S. e-commerce cluster collaborative innovation model include various suppliers, distributors and partners with e-commerce platform for enterprises and organizations such as integration; e-business policies, laws and regulations, norms and e-commerce cluster management integration; logistics centers, online payment center, certification centers, service centers and other technical services integration; research institutions, talent supply, consultancy and brokerage synergy between knowledge integration; This mode of organization innovation as the core management for environmental protection, knowledge, and service to support the architecture, as shown in 1 shows.

Clustering is a U.S. e-commerce e-commerce knowledge elements, technical elements, such as elements of management and organizational elements consisting of complex nonlinear systems, electronic commerce between enterprises cluster has self-learning, self-organization and self-coordination characteristics, and in turn through contact competition, cooperation, integration, coordination of these five progressive stages of the process of dynamic cycle, the elements of e-commerce within the cluster model of collaborative innovation mechanism shown in Figure 2. Is an active response to market demand for e-commerce industry cluster, to achieve regional e-commerce industry chain resources to gather and collaborative development, and enhance the overall development of e-commerce industry cluster innovation, penetration, influence and radiation, enhance e-commerce on the U.S. promote economic and social development, supporting and leading role. U.S. e-commerce should be collaborative innovation cluster organizational innovation as the core management for environmental protection, knowledge, and service to support, relying on all kinds of e-commerce industrial park, strengthen the e-commerce industry carrier construction, improve third-party e-commerce cluster services, promoting E-commerce industry environment, vigorously cultivate leading enterprises and e-commerce brands.

结论——Conclusion

U.S. e-commerce has a relatively complete industrial chain infrastructure, e-commerce enterprises in order to reduce transaction costs sharing, sharing collaborative cluster economy, promote innovation in e-commerce industrial accumulation effect, e-business e-commerce industrial park to be bound to the cluster. U.S. e-commerce industry cluster collaborative innovation in e-commerce industry should continue to optimize the development environment, encourage the development of third-party e-commerce cluster services, and vigorously promote e-commerce industry, carrier planning and construction, give full play to the leading enterprises, driven by e-commerce industry cluster effect, the realization of regional e-commerce industry chain resources to gather and coordinated development, and enhance the overall development of e-commerce industry cluster innovation, penetration, influence and radiation, to strengthen economic and social development of electronic commerce on the United States to promote, support and leading role.

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