Strategies Of Tourism Development From Resident Perspective--澳洲Paper代写范文

澳洲Paper代写范文:“Strategies Of Tourism Development From Resident Perspective”，这篇论文主要描述的是对于旅游业的管理关键点就在于协调和配合上，旅游能够为当地的经济的发展注入新的活力，但却不能够因此而被孤立在当地居民的管理和计划中，旅游业的发展和规划应该从居民的角度作为出发点，应当通过旅游业的发展位当地的居民带来更多的就业机会和生活基础设的完善，让居民参与到旅游管理当中。

Coordination and collaboration are known as key elements in tourism planning. Tourism cannot be planned and managed in isolation, the achievement of Economic, social, and environmental objective of the residents should be mentioned in tourism development. Tourism, provides opportunities for the destination, however, it may also cause some threats for residents. Tourism managers are increasingly recognizing and appreciating the vital role played by local communities in tourism destinations and have thus established strategies to include local communities in the management and development of destinations. (Nyaupane and Thapa 2004, 2006).

Once a community becomes a destination, the lives of residents in the community are affected by tourism, and the support of the entire population in the tourism community is essential for the development, planning, successful operation and

sustainability of tourism (Jurowski, 1994).

Previous research has demonstrated that support of tourism by residents is essential for successful sustainable development of tourism (Andereck & Vogt, 2000; Jurowski & Gursoy, 2004).The success of a strategy of tourism development ought not to be measured just in terms of increasing tourist numbers or revenues. Tourism should also be assessed according to how it has been integrated into the broader development goals of existing local communities, as well as the ways in which tourism-related investments and revenues have been used to benefit those communities. Tourism development can indeed be positive for local communities if their needs and interests are given priority over the goals of the industry(Brohman, 1996).

Local community residents in the tourism destinations are increasingly being afforded the opportunity to make decisions over their own resources and livelihood infrastructure (Cochrane and Tapper, 2006). But the condition of resident participation in tourism is not the same for different countries. Compared with many developed countries, local residents in many third world countries do not have such opportunities to share in decision making about their hometown tourism. Mowforth and Munt, (2003) explain, with vast evidence, how local communities in Third World countries being exploited. Little control is in their hands to steer the direction of tourism development in their regions. Their views are rarely heard and their opportunities to nurture their low budget entrepreneurial tourism businesses are frequently frustrated by the bigger external investors.

A large proportion of the local population should benefit from tourism, rather than merely bearing the burden of its costs. Moreover, the industry ought not to forget that destinations are essentially communities (Blank, 1989). In many Third World countries, a more appropriately planned tourism development process is needed which would both spread its costs and benefits more equitably and which would be more sensitive to its social and cultural impacts. This would not only reduce the need for local residents to trade off quality of life and social costs for economic growth, but would also contribute to a more broadly based positive attitude toward tourism (Mansfield 1992). Many analysts call for greater local participation in the Third World tourism sector to permit a more equitable distribution of its costs and benefits (Blank 1989).

It is suggested that identifying residents' attitudes toward tourism impacts and related competitive strategies is a valuable help for the tourism development planning in the region.

开题讨论——Statement of the Problem

Considering the importance of residents, as main stakeholders who have a key role in tourism development, many studies are carried out by the researchers in the developed countries about resident attitude toward tourism. Among them are Lankford and Howard (1994), Hernandez et al., (1996), Schroeder (1996), Ryan and Montgomery (1994), Nicholas (2007), Williams and Lawson (2001). But unfortunately, hardly any work has been devoted to examining residents' attitudes in developing countries (Andrew Lepp, 2007).

Kermanshah province in western Iran is one of the main tourism destinations in the region where unfortunately resident's attitudes have not been considered and local people have not been involved in tourism decision making.

The problem of the study is to examine residents' perceptions toward tourism impacts and their support for competitive strategies of tourism development in Kermanshah province of Iran.

研究问题——Research Questions

1. To what extent are perceived economic impacts of tourism related to support of tourism development?

2. To what extent are perceived social impacts of tourism related to support of tourism development?

3. To what extent are perceived environmental impacts of tourism related to support of tourism development?

4. To what extent is perceived community attachment related to support of tourism development?

5. Is there a relationship between support of tourism development and their support for tourism competitive strategies?

研究方法论——RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

There is a positive relationship between perceived economic impacts of tourism and support for tourism development.

There is a positive relationship between perceived social impacts of tourism and support of tourism development.

There is a positive relationship between perceived environmental impacts of tourism and support of tourism development.

There is a positive relationship between perceived community attachment of tourism and support of tourism development.

There is a positive relationship between resident's support of tourism development and support for tourism competitive strategies.

定义——Definitions

Attitude: An individual's subjective feeling of favor or dislike toward a person, object,behavior, issues, event, etc. (Ajzen, 1980).

Community Attachment: "the social bond and local sentiment residents express toward their community" (Jurowski, 1998, p. 31), and attachments " to biophysical or landscape features of place" (Brehm et al., 2006, p. 146).

Local Community: "A complex system of friendship and kinship networks and formal and informal associational ties rooted in family life and on-going socialization

process" (Kasarda & Janowitz, 1974, p. 329).

Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (United Nations World Commission on the Environment and Development, 1987).

Economic impacts of tourism: The changes that are brought by the process or the influence of tourism development in the economic aspect of a community.

Social impacts of tourism: The changes that are brought by the process or the influence of tourism development in the social aspect of a community.

Environmental impacts of tourism: The changes that are brought by the process or the influence of tourism development in the environmental aspect of a community.

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