Studies of the information technology development--论文代写范文

51Due论文代写平台paper代写范文:“Studies of the information technology development”，这篇论文主要描述的是信息技术的进步为人们的生活带来了极大的便利，能够为人们提供搜索、存储、收集、分析等等的技术支持和服务，世界首台计算机的诞生，引发了世界上第一场信息技术革命，英国在这次革命当中更是有着得主导的推进作用。

In the broadest sense, information technology (IT) is a general term of any methods, tools and skills which can use sufficiently and extend information organ of human beings. It includes the computers, communications, control, sensing and microelectronics. In narrow definition, it refers to technique that research collecting, processing, storing, analyzing and disseminating of information. It is also called Information and communications technology (ICT). The application of information technology includes the computer hardware and software, computer network and communication technology, development kit of application software, etc.

Since 1946 the world's first computer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was built, imMediately as a representative for information technology and advanced productivity. It started an information technology revolution. In twenty first century, people always related to the computer and communication technology and the internet when information technology was mentioned. The impact of information technology is distinct in many aspects of our daily lives of every country in the entire world. Britain, as a country with one of the information technology research and developing centre in the world, is no exception. In recent decade, British information technology has achieved swift development and excellent effects. Britain have been an electronic product and relevant industries centre which is the lead in the Europe. The 3G research and developing aspect is the lead in the world. Britain is not only a busy information transferring centre in the Europe but also is the most important internet hinge in the whole world. In the aspect of British software industry and computer services area, has more than 95,000 firms which related software and computer services.

The main purpose of this report is trying to collect some impacts from four aspects related to applications of information technology on contemporary Britain. The report will cover commerce, government, Education and people's life, which intend to contribute a better understanding with a substantial number of cases that related to applications of information technology, such as website and management information system. All will be placed within critical perspectives in order to show how people use it and how information technology can be a powerful and positive impact in contemporary British society. The negative about applications of information technology is also projected.

Impacts on Commerce

Electronic commerce (EC or e-commerce) is the most important aspect of information technology application. Electronic commerce, as the name suggests, is a kind of electronic realization of entire realistic commerce activities. Broadly speaking, electronic commerce refers to the whole process of any exchange of information or business transaction via computer network and communication technology. Says from the narrow sense, electronic commerce is transaction or relevant activities in electronic ways that take place in internet, which is electronic and networking for every link of traditional commerce. Electronic commerce includes exchange of electronic currency, supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), marketplace of electronic transaction, network marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), warehouse management and automated data collection system. In this process, the needed information technology includes internet, extranet, email, database, electronic catalog, mobile phone and etc.

The application of information technology has changed the structure of commerce with surrounding. This is no doubt in many business models and ways. There are many different business models and ways for applications of electronic commerce. The online shop is a virtual shop that provides sells products and services online. According to what French technique website (JDN, 2009) reports that 2009 British five outstanding electronic commerce websites which is eBay of UK, Amazon of UK, Home Retail Group, Apple of UK, and Tesco. The increase of electronic commerce promotes development of enterprise management information systems, which can be supported it. For example, supply chain management (SCM) is a management of commerce processing by information system, such as the sources and processing of material, inventory management, etc, which provides an important support on efficient management of the end-to-end processes. Martin Christopher (1992) argues that a famous expert in SCM aspect, who predicted that the competition in the future is not going to be between individual organizations, but between the supply chains they are part of.

A few years ago, with the internet bubble crashed, the venture capital makes a strategic retreat from internet industry. British commerce website was into a slump, electronic commerce process was impacted, but it is only a short-term influence. After market adjustment and filter, market requirements become wanted than before. The electronic commerce presents a rapid growth in the Britain and affects every aspect of society. In May 2001, according to the first statistical report from the Office for National Statistics, amount of British electronic commerce transactions was 57 billion pounds sterling. It has two per cent of total amount of transactions at same period. For the past several years, each item of British electronic commerce has a substantially raise. IMRG (Interactive Media in Retail Group, 2009) reports that Britain has been one-third people shopping online and amount of consumption has constantly expand. In 2003, British online sales have been ten per cent of nationwide total volume of retail sales, which estimated that amounts of individual online shopping will achieve 80 billion by 2009.

Impacts on Governmen

Electronic government is a kind of brand new ideology and management model of government management, a virtual government based on information technology, which is going to achieving organization transforming, efficient management and omni-directional services to public. From the general sense, it is the use of the Internet by government, for example to give information to the public or to allow people to vote from their computer. The website of government is necessary, which was a core and key way of realization for electronic government. It is a communication platform between electronic government and its service object.

As the rapid development of information technology on modern society and the launch of campaigns of contemporary British organization transforming, after ninety generation of twenty century, British government put the information construction of government in the very important position. According to the White Paper of the Modernising Government by Labour governments in 1999, entire services of government are going to provide online services, all public services to be 24 hours. In 2000, a large amount of information more than one thousand government organizations was putting on the internet. Users can obtain information and services about employment, financing, travel, life and etc which are from governments, such as Directgov. By 2002 there are sixty per cent internet services website of British governments was opening or developing.

To develop electronic democracy is a representative campaign that about aspect of the electronic government implementation. Britain attaches great importance to electronic democracy development. In November 2000, British government promulgates a new ordinance, which announced British citizen can seek advices and provide any suggestions for government documentations on internet. At the same time, the government builds a series forum for the policy, which made that citizen can use it and talk freely with each other as well as discuss something about the policy of government. Many governments are establishing the special area related to their policies on internet. People can choose their interested and directly visit the special forum or something else. In order to promotes development of electronic democracy, British governments trial implement electronic voting and electronic registration on some area. The main purpose of electronic registration is for remote users who are going to voting, which is going to makes sure people have the legal right to vote. Moreover, the Office of British Electronic Envoy combines Cabinet Office with other departments to seek suggestions of public, which in order to draw relative legislation and case up.

Impacts on Educatio

Education information-based is that modern information technology used in education area. Its goal is promoting learning. It may also be electronic education or electronic learning. In this report, the electronic education and the electronic learning will be same place, which is basically equivalent. Electronic education makes information becoming a basic element. It demands more comprehensive using modern information technology that based in computer, multimedia and network communication and promotes education reformation. The processing of electronic education intends to make a comprehensive effect on study, which is transforming information by many kind of electronic equipment. Electronic education will certainly use many of specific technologies and machines.

From British Department for Education and Employment, the survey reports (Education and Research Network, 2001) show that British fundamental construction of education facilities gets distinct effects. The percentage that is teachers and students are having mailbox, which is going to a proportion with yearly progressive increase, and the speed of increase is very quick. Its primary and secondary school teachers have a percentage of e-mail from two per cent in 1998 to thirty seven per cent in 2000. The number of schools with internet access has greatly increased and its primary and secondary schools from seventeen per cent of 1998 to eighty-six per cent. So, in terms of the number of schools connected to the internet, or from the proportion of students and computers, the level of the electronic education of UK in the world are in a leading position, but also shows that the British information and communication technology infrastructure construction has achieved remarkable effect.

The British Government is fully aware of information resources in basic education is playing the important role of information technology. To this end, the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency (BECTA) make an investigation and research work in the year 2000, it is to research information and communication technology resources in the role of improving the quality of teaching. By 2110 the middle schools in the survey, for the information and communication technology in schools the effect of the application, the survey results showed that 77 per cent of the students reached the required level in the schools with good information resources, the proportion of that schools haven't got good information resources has reached 68 per cent, thus demonstrating the basic education information resources which are the key of information technology.

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