Impression, Uncertainty, and Anticipated Future Interaction--论文代写范文

如果学生对自己的校友有一个积极的印象,他们对未来的互动将是积极的,因此,他们将采取更多的措施来减少不确定性。这将是同样重要的，考虑那些对自己不积极的印象。下面的paper代写范文进行论述。

Abstract
  Berger and Calabrese (1975) proposed that a decreased uncertainty level would lead to an increase in liking. Sunnafrank (1986) modified the proposition by arguing that the predicted relational outcomes would affect this relationship. That is, if a negative relational outcome is anticipated in the future, even when the uncertainty level has decreased, the impression of the partner’s attractiveness would not improve. On the contrary, if a positive relationship outcome is expected in the future, the impression of the partner’s attractiveness would be more positive, and the person would be more certain about the partner. Previous research has indicated that there is a positive relationship between interpersonal attraction and reduced uncertainty (Antheunis, et al., 2010; L. L. McCroskey, et al., 2006). The first hypothesis for this study addresses the impact of impressions on uncertainty, while the second hypothesis would like to address the relationship between impressions and predicted outcome values.

  Would initial Facebook impression of the roommate affect an incoming student's predicted outcome value for the relationship? The assumption is that if incoming students have a positive first impression about their roommates, their expectation for a positive future interaction would be positive, and therefore, they would make more efforts in order to reduce the uncertainty. This should be the case for freshmen who hold positive impressions of their roommates, but it would be equally important to consider those who have less positive impressions about their roommates. From the above reasoning, negative impressions may produce a negative expectation about future interaction, and therefore, little or no effort would be invested to decrease uncertainty. However, it may also be reasonable to assume that even though incoming students have negative impressions about their roommates in the beginning, they may still expect to develop a positive relationship with the roommates, because, unless they request to make a new roommate arrangement, they have no choice but to live with this person; and thus, they would still make an effort to reduce uncertainty.

 Impressions and Uncertainty in Offline Interactions 
  Upon move-in day, for most incoming students, it is the first time they get to meet their new roommates FtF. The initial impressions they formed on Facebook can affect their offline attitudes towards the roommates. A study on impressions and relationship development (Ramirez, 2007) showed that although anticipated future interaction has an impact on initial relationship formation, continuous relationship development occurs as ―a function of the valence of the initial impression formed via CMC‖ (p.66). The findings from Ramirez’s study indicated a positive impact of initial impression on interpersonal relationship development. With a foreseeable future of living together with their roommates, students who formed positive impressions and those who formed negative impressions may already decide on different approaches to face their new roommates before their first offline meeting. 

  However, these initial impressions and approaches are then subject to change upon meeting their roommates in person for the first time on move-in day. The offline impressions can be different from the Facebook impressions, depending on whether there was misrepresentation from roommates’ profiles or students’ incorrect perceptions of the roommates. Before investigating the impact of discrepant Facebook and offline impressions on students’ uncertainty and the future relationship development, the following two hypotheses focus on the impact of first year students’ impressions of the roommates formed right after first meeting them face-to-face: first on their uncertainty level; and second on whether degrees of the information-seeking efforts and level of uncertainty about their roommates would differ between positive and negative offline impressions.

 Impression Discrepancies 
  Uncertainty reduction is an ongoing process in interpersonal relationship development. While Facebook offers college freshmen a place to get information about their new roommates, the impressions they previously formed on Facebook can still be different from what the roommates are really like. As hyperpersonal interaction theory explained, people are able to engage in selective self-presentation to the optimization of the ideal self, and the receivers tend to idealize their partners in CMC environments (Walther, 1996). Jacobson (1999) also made a similar comment about online impressions after interviewing members of four different textbased virtual communities: ―these impressions are based not only on cues provided, but also on the conceptual categories and cognitive models people use in interpreting those cues.‖ 

  Most participants Jocobson interviewed agreed that offline experiences did not match their online expectations about their partners. More studies dealing with online and offline impression discrepancies in recent years have focused on the dating relationship (e.g., Ellison, et al., 2006; Gibbs, et al., 2006; Shaw Taylor, Fiore, Mendelsohn, & Cheshire, 2010; Toma, et al., 2008). Similar to Facebook, the online dating sites allow the users to create their own profiles with personal details and photographs. In order to make their self-presentations attractive to other members of the sites, users need to decide what information to disclose and what to ignore in the profiles, and sometimes they may even need to decide whether they will lie about themselves. For example, Toma and her colleagues (2008) found that deception in online dating profiles was ―frequent yet small in magnitude‖ (p.1033). 

  Shaw Taylor, Fiore, Mendelsohn, and Cheshire (2010) investigated how impressions change during the transition from online to offline dating and how the discrepancies in impressions influence the relationship longevity. Among several factors being examined in their study, surprisingly, impressions of partners’ physical attractiveness formed online were mostly confirmed when partners meet face-to-face, and the most important factor that influenced relationship longevity was how well participants felt they had gotten to know their partners during the online-offline transition. One of the reasons for this outcome was that online daters were aware of the possibility of developing a close offline relationship with the partner in the future, so they did not want to ―polish‖ too much about themselves and then be accused of lying later.(paper代写)

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