Differences in Chinese and American higher education

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Differences in Chinese and American higher education，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中美高等教育差异。美国高等教育强调，教育的目的是训练、培养学生的思维方式、团队协作能力、独立解决问题的能力、交流能力和创新能力等，鼓励学生的创新和自我发现，培养学生集自由的人和专家于一身。而中国高等教育培养的是德、智、体、美全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人，高等教育的任务是培养具有创新精神和实践能力的高级专门人才。中美高校都强调人的全面发展，注重对学生创新素质和基本能力的培养。不同的是，美国高校的人才培养目标定位具体，注重学生的个性发展，注重培养学生的社会适应能力。而中国高校的人才培养目标则定位宽泛，注重学生全面发展。

Globalization promotes the accelerated flow and optimized allocation of production factors and resources of education in the global scope, and international exchanges and cooperation in education become increasingly frequent. The cultivation of international talents is very necessary and urgent, and international running of schools has become the only way for universities to cultivate international talents. As a world economic power, the internationalization of higher education in the United States has always been in the forefront of the world. The comparison of the differences between China and the United States in higher education can provide some references for the internationalization of Chinese universities.

American universities implement the President responsibility system under the leadership of the board of directors. This internal management system is a three-tier structure system including the school, college and department. The school-level management body mainly includes the board of directors, the President and the council. The school-level management system mainly includes the administrative system headed by the dean and the organization mainly composed of professors. The department head is responsible for the management of the department. The principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee is implemented in the internal management of public universities in China. The party secretary and the President are in charge of the leadership, which mainly includes offices and offices. The executive level is composed of schools and departments, while the basic level is composed of teachers and employees. It can be seen that, on the one hand, the United States government USES a variety of means to implement indirect management of colleges and universities. The Chinese government determines the basic system of universities and exercises direct management over them. On the other hand, the internal management system of American universities emphasizes academic power, and the power and role of professors are more prominent, while Chinese universities emphasize administrative power, and the power is relatively concentrated.

American higher education emphasizes that the purpose of education is to train and cultivate students' way of thinking, teamwork ability, independent problem-solving ability, communication ability and innovation ability, etc., to encourage students' innovation and self-discovery, and to train students to be both free and expert. China's higher education cultivates builders and successors of the socialist cause who develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically in an all-round way. By comparing the talent training objectives of Chinese and American colleges and universities, it is not difficult to find that both Chinese and American colleges and universities emphasize the all-round development of human beings and the cultivation of students' innovative qualities and basic abilities. What is different is that American colleges and universities have a specific orientation for talent cultivation, focusing on students' personality development and social adaptability. But our country university's talented person training target is positioned broadly, pays attention to the student overall development.

American universities adhere to a "center", three "combined" model of talent training. A "center", that is, student-centered. All for the growth of students, students have full freedom to choose their own curriculum, in the study of maximum autonomy and initiative. Three "combination", namely the combination of in-class and extra-curricular, teaching and research, science and humanities combination. The mode of talent cultivation in colleges and universities in China is "wide caliber, thick foundation and heavy application". "Wide caliber" emphasizes students to broaden the professional area, "thick foundation" emphasizes students to consolidate the knowledge base, "heavy application" emphasizes the application of theory and technology. It can be seen that the talent training mode of American colleges and universities reflects individuality and diversity, emphasizing respect for students, including respect for students' individuality, autonomy and choice, etc., while the talent training mode of Chinese colleges and universities attaches importance to unity and orderliness, and students' independent choice power is small, so students' individuality often fails to develop.

American colleges and universities focus on flexibility and diversity of majors and courses, especially the internationalization of courses. Universities prepare students for positions in the international community by offering international courses in which they learn about different cultures. In addition, American colleges and universities also pay attention to students' personalized and comprehensive development, and pay attention to students' choice of major and right of design. The curriculum of our country university pays attention to the unification, the student major choice autonomy is small, the major choice scope is narrow, does not have the design specialized power.

Higher education in the United States is funded by government input, tuition and miscellaneous fees, gifts and donations, sales and services. In the expenditure of funds, different types of schools have great differences in the allocation of funds. Research universities, for example, spend more on teaching than private liberal arts colleges, which spend more on administrative support and student services than other types of schools. The funds of Chinese universities mainly come from the national financial investment in education and the income of tuition and miscellaneous fees. The expenditure of funds mainly includes two aspects, one is the expenditure of operating funds, the other is the expenditure of capital construction. Compared with the United States, colleges and universities in China have a single source of funding, a fixed expenditure structure, and a lack of diversity and flexibility, which hinders the free development of colleges and universities to some extent.

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