English romantic poetry and the bible

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- English romantic poetry and the bible，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国浪漫主义诗歌与《圣经》。大部分的西方文学作品，都渗透着基督教或圣经的影响，即使没有明显地取用其内容和人物的名字，它们也渗透着基督教的善恶观和为人处世的态度。英国浪漫主义诗歌也顺承着这一传统路径接受了《圣经》的润泽，只是相对于其他类型的作品，诗人们对《圣经》的借用更隐晦。总而言之，英国浪漫主义诗歌与《圣经》有着千丝万缕的联系。

Almost all western literary works are permeated with the influence of Christianity or the bible. Even if they do not obviously take the names of their contents and characters, they are also permeated with the Christian concept of good and evil and attitude towards life. English romantic poetry in the 19th century also followed this traditional path and accepted the embellish of the bible, but compared with other types of works, poets' borrowing of the bible was more obscure.

At the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, the opposition between the rich and the poor and the class contradiction in the British society became acute, the evil behaviors of the bourgeoisie were gradually exposed, and the British government also tended to be reactionary in policies. Different philosophical trends and schools of thought have emerged in society. The ideas of the new bourgeoisie and the old feudal ideology have come into violent collision in the fields of culture and ideology, and have been sensitively presented in the minds of writers, giving rise to various reactions. For example, enlightenment had a profound influence on the thoughts and literature of that time.

The French revolution set ideals for romantic poets, but also brought disappointment. Enlightenment thinkers' fine words about "freedom, equality and fraternity" did not come true. The revolution was used by careerists, and radical measures developed into terrorist policies. The reality after the French revolution declared the disillusionment of enlightenment ideals, and the emerging capitalist industrial civilization exposed its drawbacks. Added to these situation, especially the romantic poet, the mood of disappointment and indignation of reality, and began to look forward to a bright future utopian society, so that "many thinkers and writers to return to find in the Christian thought weapon", as Hans, who said: "in Europe, the church and the theological is still deeply rooted in romantic." A concise and comprehensive description of the complex relationship between European romantic literature and religion.

In fact, the word romanticism comes from the "romance" of the middle ages, which was originally a love story about heroes and beauties with bizarre and fanciful plots. "But in terms of its background and its use of resources, a" romantic "is undoubtedly the European Christian natural product of social culture at that time, its conception and orientation by Christian thoughts spiritual edification and infection, and its main characteristic is to highlight the Christian holy love spirit to compete with the traditional rational principles." This is the essence and uniqueness of European romanticism. Moreover, "romanticism, according to its spiritual dependence, is not only a religious trend of thought, but also an extremely important Christian religious trend in the development history of modern European thought from the perspective of its cultural connection and ideological inheritance." Therefore, many romanticists are also theologians who unconsciously integrate their theological thoughts into the thinking of literary creation. The 19th century English romantic poetry is no exception, such as Blake's "marriage between heaven and hell", Coleridge's "the rime of the ancient mariner", "the journey of Cain", byron's "Cain", "Saul", "jephthah's daughter" and so on. It was the "hope" light of the romantic poets' rebellion against reality and fantasy of the future in the disappointment of reality that led to the marriage between English romantic poetry and the Christian bible.

The marriage of romanticism and the bible inevitably influenced the English romantic poets in the 19th century. Shelley, for example, attended a Christian school at the age of eight. However, Shelley did not always view the bible from a literary perspective. "although the young poet sometimes talked about the bible in a purely literary sense, he never regarded the bible as a literary work. And study does not necessarily become support, faith, and fierce criticism, criticism does not mean that the rejection. "The fact that Shelley took such a keen interest in the bible and read it so frequently does not mean that he is becoming more sympathetic and pro-christian, nor does his opposition to the institution of church ceremonies mean that the bible has nothing to do with his spiritual impulses." This makes us realize that Shelley, while lashing out at Christianity and blaming the bible for its contradictions, drew on and absorbed the spiritual part of the bible, reconstructed and explained the religious spirit and belief he thought reasonable, thus forming his own unique bible and practicing his faith all his life.

Shelley made himself a notable atheist with "the necessity of atheism," but to himself "the name is an expression of my distaste for superstition." So he was called an atheist, just in the popular sense of the word god. As simmel says, many people fail to distinguish between "religion" and "religious spirit or religiosity". Religious believers are religious believers. Their behaviors and actions in daily life are always based on religious principles and rituals, and religion has become the symbol and symbol of their survival. Religious believers, on the other hand, do not necessarily belong to the church or be baptized. They are more likely to identify with the religious spirit. This spirit "is not a religious doctrine propagated and interpreted by religious monks, but a noble spirit or transcendental spirit that they understand according to their inner feelings and express by means of the bible text". The author thinks that Shelley was not as religious, but belong to conform to "religious spirit", the spirit of religion by its is in reading the bible text, on the basis of their inner feelings and understanding, which is formed by the of human goodness, of goodwill to ideal, harmonious interpersonal relationship and forever the pursuit of fairness and justice.

Moreover, Shelley also took some passages from the bible to form his own bible, that is, excerpts from the bible. Although the book was not published and survived, Shelley explicitly mentioned it in his letters. "If the extracts of Shelley's bible had survived, we would not only have a great Hebrew poet, but above all a record of the noble words from social justice to the carpenter of Nazareth." It can be seen that Shelley did not believe the bible, but did not believe in the church propaganda of the bible. Shelley believed in the religious spirit he understood and his unique bible, which did not prevent him from criticizing and condemning the unreasonable elements in the bible. It was in these criticisms, condemnations and doubts that Shelley formed his own religious spirit and his own bible, thus showing his distinctive personality.

From our discussion, we can see that the British romantic poets in the 19th century overlap with the theologians, and their poems are interwoven with different biblical factors, which reflects the poet's pursuit of the ideal state and the light of his unique belief, and also results in different thoughts of the bible.

The English romantic poets in the 19th century had their own unique views and understandings of the bible, and their acceptance of the bible was not the same as their understanding of secular Christian doctrines. They expressed the beauty of the bible of different secular religions with their poetic language.

Such words as "god", "Jesus", "devil" or "satan" frequently appear in Shelley's poems, which reflect his unique experience structure. For example, the meaning and image of "Jesus" in Shelley's poems are very close to realistic politics rather than religious significance. Jesus' cross redemption and resurrection is not only a historical event, but also an event beyond history and time. What makes it so universal is that, in theologians' view, god's power and dominion were present with mankind through the death and resurrection of Jesus. However, Jesus has different meanings after being filtered and refracted in the eyes of different people in different times. "different people have different opinions. He was a gifted religionist, which no one denies; He was also a profound thinker because of his thorough outlook on life and the world; At the same time, he was a social reformer, a patriot, a physician, a teacher... "Jesus mentioned by Shelley in queen mab, adoni, Greece, Julian and madaro and on Christianity sometimes only refers to Jesus in the bible, as in adoni. But it is more often replaced by a social reformer, as in "on Christianity" : "Jesus Christ is the enemy of oppression and hypocrisy, an advocate of equal justice. ...... Christ firmly believed that the abolition of artificial distinctions among men was the object of his doctrine. Achieving that is what he is after." To the world to fully show the image of a revolutionary committed to social reform. In the prologue to Greece, satan, Christ and Mohammed contend for Greece before god, while Christ seeks a free country. Shelley's preference for the image is mainly due to the influence of the spirit of the French revolution, the radical revolutionary ideas and reform the desire of the society, make the poet's Jesus became a social reform, all the suffering, considering to save the British society of darkness, Shelley make public is the noble personality and deep emotion.

Jesus was indeed the national revolutionary The Times required, but we should be clear that one of the reasons Jesus was rejected by the jews and even crucified was because the jews did not think he was the messiah they hoped to rebuild the kingdom of David. The jews did not really understand what transcendent historical significance Jesus had for their souls. Shelley's Jesus must bear the cross of historical redemption and become the hope of reforming society and saving the nation. This Jesus is indeed one-sidedness, but it is reflected and filtered by the specific historical environment. Therefore, we cannot deny or accuse him, but can only say that it is the realistic spirit of the romantic era that shapes Shelley's own Jesus.

For people who are contrary to their own ideas and ideals, they are portrayed in a different way. Like Moses, he has an invaluable role in the jewish race, is not only the leader of the nation, but also a military leader, the jewish law was enacted and excellent administrators, much of the jews and the world respect and esteem, it is no wonder that Freud once said: "in the jewish candidate for god and will deliver them out of Egypt standing behind these feats is Moses, he said he is in the word of god to do so. We can boldly declare that Moses made the jews. Such a feat national leaders, prominent, enjoys great popularity in the "queen mab", Shelley will be portrayed as a murderer, the executioner, is god's murderous tool, simply execute the command of god, before god, worry, is one of the ACTS of power: power plays "a murderer, and heard him/voices in Egypt, a rose with talent and wrist/peak power, become/can do anything that a criminal conspiracy, / omniscient that a confidant. ...... The murderer, too, was pale with fear, and his trembling lips were almost speechless. In tyrannical Oedipus, Moses becomes a humble capon, bossed around. In the past, the national hero and legislator became the murderer and the capon.

Shelley opposed and hated all oppression, and the Hebrew conquest of Canaan in the bible was full of blood, sacrifice and killing, which aroused Shelley's hatred. Especially those from god's blood, sacrifice and killing, in Shelley's view is the most worthy of hate and opposition. Moses was commanded by god to lead the israelites into Canaan, a process that was filled with bloodshed, war and slaughter. Therefore, starting from refuting deism -- dialogue, these people who carried out god's command did not gain high status in Shelley's eyes, and they became a group of demons who followed god's command to kill and plunder.

In the 19th century, the writers of English romantic poetry each had their own characteristics in using the elements of the bible, and their attitudes towards the bible also had their own characteristics according to their personalities. But there are some commonness in personality, because of the commonness of romantic poetry, they also have some common characteristics. Through the above discussion, we can not only reflect the unique relationship between Shelley and the bible, but also see some overall characteristics of the British romantic writers in the 19th century and the bible.

First of all, most of them are skeptical, despairing and hopeful about some ideas in the bible. They doubt the validity of certain ACTS in the bible because they do not describe the same things, such as the cruelty of god and the slaughter of his betrayed people. But they were also very sympathetic to the ideas proclaimed in the bible, such as love and kindness, in the hope that they would save England at that time. For example, when he doubted the existence of god, Shelley delineated the cosmic level of Christianity in his works such as the rebellion of Islam, showing the living environment of an upcoming Eden to human beings. As for the concept of the afterlife, Shelley does not agree with its existence rationally, but he shows his fantasy about it in on the death penalty and some letters. If we do not analyze it in detail, we are likely to neglect its desire for it.

Secondly, most of them ethicized the bible, that is, they regarded some contents of the bible as a moral standard. For Shelley, the Gospel preached by Jesus is the ethical standard set by Jesus for human beings with his perfect moral behavior. "To believe in god is not to accept the orthodox dogma, but to accept the greatness of Jesus' personality." Shelley doubted god, but he really accepted the great personality of Jesus. He not only identified with his moral standards, but also used them to create his ideal characters. For example, in the revolt of Islam, the moral standard reflected in Leon is the ethical thought of Jesus. More powerful is the criticism of those believers in "qian qi", "the revolt of Islam" and "queen mab", which condemns those believers for violating the ethical and moral standards of Jesus and exposing their greed, corruption, depravity, treachery, hypocrisy and ferocity.

Thirdly, some of them secularize the bible and dilute its religious elements, which is especially obvious in Shelley's works. In the works such as queen mab, tyrannical Oedipus, Greece, and the revolt of Islam, the mocking, teasing and satirical attitude towards religion and believers are adopted with more realistic colors. For example, the prophets in the bible accused the reality of being based on the corrupt reality, but their accusation was more theological and was inspired by god to warn the reality. In his works such as queen mab, the rebellion of Islam and the liberation of Prometheus, Shelley abandoned the theological connotation of the prophet's thought and adopted its realistic element -- condemnation of the corruption of the British reality.

In the 19th century British romantic poet, the unique understanding of the bible and apply, gives new meaning to those parts of the bible, the bible text itself, and to interpret the meaning, and for the study of the 19th century British romantic poetry text background provides a new interpretation, as a new significance in understanding the romantic poetry of the important influencing factors.

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