Assignment代写：The issue of China's foreign direct investment

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The issue of China's foreign direct investment，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中国对外直接投资问题。目前，我国的外汇储备充足，不仅在总体上为资本输出提供了资金保障，也使对外直接投资成为实现国际收支平衡的重要手段。同时，我国又面临人民币升值的压力，资本输出能在一定程度上缓解这一压力。另外，国际上各种贸易壁垒层出不穷，为扩大对外贸易，企业必须走出国门，到境外投资设立贸易公司等各类企业，以规避壁垒。从民营企业自身发展需求上讲，积极开展对外直接投资，拓展国际市场，提高国际竞争力，是民营企业不断发展壮大的有效途径。

In recent years, China's non-public economy has made great progress, more and more private enterprises, how to get rid of the region, resources, markets and other factors restricting, and constantly develop and grow, is the current private enterprises are facing an important issue. At present, China's foreign exchange reserves sufficient, not only in the overall provision of capital insurance, but also make foreign direct investment to achieve international balance of payments an important means. At the same time, China is facing the pressure of RMB appreciation, capital export can alleviate this pressure to some extent. In addition, a variety of international trade barriers are emerging, in order to expand foreign trade, enterprises must go abroad, to invest overseas to set up trading companies and other enterprises to avoid barriers. From the private enterprise's own development demand, it is an effective way to accelerate the implementation of "going out" strategy, to actively carry out foreign direct investment, to absorb advanced technology, to expand international market and to improve international competitiveness.

After more than more than 30 years of reform and opening-up, private enterprises in the import and export has made remarkable achievements, accumulated a certain amount of international trade experience in products, brands, equipment, technology, talent and management, gradually with the international standards, and began to have their own competitive advantage. It provides a solid foundation for the enterprises to carry out foreign direct investment, realize transnational operation and participate in international competition.

According to the joint investigation of the relevant institutions of the National Chamber of Commerce, private enterprises have become the force of foreign direct investment. According to the number of enterprises, foreign direct investment in 2010, the maternal private enterprises are 2,573, accounting for the total number of foreign investment enterprises in China 64%.

However, we can still see that the overseas investment of private enterprises is relatively small. In the case of Zhejiang Province, the average investment of private enterprises in the province is less than 300,000 U.S. dollars. The scale of such investments is much lower than the average size of about $6 million trillion in foreign subsidiaries of developed country multinationals, and the average of about $2.6 million trillion in subsidiaries of other developing country multinationals.

In addition, in terms of overall quantity, Chinese enterprises, although some progress has been made in outward investment, there is still a big gap compared with developed countries, even with many developing countries. At the same time, we can see that the foreign direct investment of private enterprises also shows different development trends and characteristics with Western developed countries and some other developing countries and regions, mainly in the following aspects.

Chinese private enterprises only began to invest in 1992 years, and have been in a marginal state of existence. Until the 21st century, with the relevant foreign policy issued by the state, and China's accession to the WTO, the opportunity to further development. But from the relevant data, it can be seen that the development speed of foreign direct investment of private enterprises is quite rapid. In March 2011, the Ministry of Commerce and National Bureau of Statistics issued the "2010 China Foreign Direct Investment Statistical bulletin" revealed that in 2010, China's total foreign direct investment of 5.53 billion U.S. dollars, excluding foreign direct investment enterprises to domestic investment main body reverse investment, net investment of 5.5 billion U.S. dollars, up from the previous year 93% By the end of 2010, China's total foreign direct investment of 44.9 billion U.S. dollars, excluding foreign direct investment enterprises to the domestic investment subject of reverse investment, the total amount of foreign direct investment of 44.8 billion U.S. dollars. This means that, in general, China's foreign direct investment has taken a new step in 2010 years, and its flow and stock account for 0.9% and 0.55% of global OFDI respectively. According to the main features of foreign direct investment, the main body of FDI shows the diversification trend, the proportion of state-owned enterprises decreases, Private enterprises accounted for a slight increase in the share. 2010, the proportion of state-owned enterprises in the whole domestic investment was reduced from 43% in 2009 to 35%, while the proportion of foreign investment of limited liability companies and private enterprises increased by 8% and 2% respectively, accounting for 30% and 12% of the domestic investment main body, 10% for stock companies and 3% for joint ventures. Collective enterprises accounted for 2%, foreign-invested enterprises accounted for 5%, Hong Kong and Macao Investment enterprises accounted for 2%.

The investment industry tends to be diversified, but still dominated by labor-intensive manufacturing industry in recent years, private enterprises in the "go out" process, the industry has become more extensive, such as in processing trade production, oil and gas or mineral resources development, the establishment of research and development institutions, trade and services, agriculture and animal husbandry Contracted projects and labor exports have been involved. But generally speaking, the foreign investment field of the private enterprise still emphasizes on the trade foreign enterprise. According to statistics, the foreign direct investment of Chinese private enterprises in the industrial distribution of overseas distribution trade and other services and processing trade production, respectively accounted for 48.6% and 38.7% of the total. Mainly in light industry, textile, household appliances and other mechanical electronics and clothing categories as the focus. Similarly, in 2010, China's private enterprises in the foreign direct investment list of the 20 can also be seen. The table shows that in the top 20 of overseas investment, most of the enterprises engaged in processing manufacturing, and mainly based on domestic, emphasis on trade processing. A large part of the reason for the group's outward investment is to expand its exports.

The investment way is mainly joint ventures, transnational mergers and acquisitions in the gradual increase in China's foreign investment has been from the establishment of the "window" and other simple ways, to invest in factories, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, stock exchange, overseas listing, the establishment of research and development institutions and the establishment of strategic alliances and other investment methods. At present, the private enterprises in the "go out" has achieved obvious results, some private enterprises began to explore new transnational business model. A large number of private enterprises with independent intellectual property rights and international competitiveness have emerged from overseas acquisition and establishment of research and development institutions, overseas establishment of marketing network and product design, overseas investment and construction, overseas resources development cooperation and foreign contracting projects. But on the whole, China's private enterprises are relatively small, the core competitiveness is weak, risk resistance is poor, mainly to take joint ventures. It is gratifying that in recent years, private enterprises began to adopt Cross-border acquisition of foreign investment. According to the research group of the Enterprise Research Center of the State Council's Institute of Development, 2010 China Top 500 Enterprises survey data show that "private enterprises" in the choice of "overseas construction plants," overseas listing "," wholly-owned "and other entry mode of enterprises accounted for the proportion of its total is lower than" state-owned and state-controlled enterprises "accounted for the proportion of its total, and take" The relative proportion of cross-border mergers and acquisitions is 13.85%, higher than the "state-owned and state-controlled enterprises" of 9.05%.

Analysis on the existing problems of foreign direct investment of private enterprises although private enterprises have made great progress in foreign direct investment, but at the same time, many problems are appearing, which hinders the further development of private enterprises ' outward direct investment. Therefore, the research and analysis of these problems and their causes, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, will be better for private enterprises to carry out foreign direct investment in order to improve the transnational process of private enterprises, enhance the international competitiveness of private enterprises, promote the further development of China's economy.

Initial accumulation of less, low starting level, industrial structure unreasonable the initial development of private enterprises mainly rely on the entrepreneur's keen insight and rich experience of judgment, there is a general lack of primitive accumulation problems. According to statistics, the national private enterprise average of no more than 13 per household, four people, registered capital of less than million yuan, in general, it is difficult to carry out the scale of foreign direct investment. Many private enterprise products lag behind, it is difficult to adapt from the seller's market to the buyer's changes. At present, China's private enterprises have a few independent intellectual property rights, especially with their own well-known brands are rare, such as Haier Group of private enterprises is very rare. Many private enterprises engaged in such low-level production and processing of licensing, even more, the goal of short-term, to take unfair means of competition, regardless of fraud and other means to obtain benefits. Some private enterprises are engaged in imitation of other people's technology and low technical content of product production.

The result of this situation is, above all, a form of ownership advantage. As the basis of foreign direct investment, the advantage of ownership and intangible assets, as well as the advantages of common management, is the dominant position of the corporation. It should be based on the former. Because the private enterprise starts low, primitive accumulation is insufficient, the innovation ability is poor, cannot form the property right and the intangible asset superiority, naturally causes does not have or the ownership superiority is not obvious.

The enterprise's organizational structure and mechanism is not perfect, the management unscientific scientific administration and the sound organization system are the internal guarantee that the enterprise cultivates and enhances the superiority, can make the enterprise's investment more effective. At present, the private enterprises, whether as the main body of foreign direct investment or the foreign enterprises invested by them, have more or less problems in organizational management, which has influenced the development and efficiency of the enterprises ' outward direct investment.

As the main body of private enterprises in their own organization and management of such problems, reflected in foreign direct investment, that is, the organizational structure and mechanism of foreign enterprises are not sound. Paper format The organizational structure of the functional departments of the Overseas Investment enterprises of the private enterprises in China is not in line with the strategic objectives of the international market, except that a small number of large private enterprise groups have established products, functions, regions and integrated organizations, and most of them are still in low-level stages such as similar departments. In the organization mechanism, the company system is the international Transnational corporation's main organization management system, but the foreign enterprise which the private enterprise invests mostly does not realize this system, it is difficult to rationally define and guarantee the responsibility, the right, the benefit, it is difficult to establish the effective corporate governance structure. In this case, enterprises in foreign direct investment is not likely to have their own advantages.

Small scale of foreign enterprises, narrow financing channels, weak production and operation capacity of the foreign direct investment of private enterprises in China, the scale of overseas enterprises is generally small, can not form scale, weaken its competitiveness in the international market. The lack of capital and technology and the lack of international operating experience have deprived investment and competition opportunities.

One of the other factors restricting private enterprises ' investment development is insufficient funds, which is largely attributable to the narrow financing channels, especially the poor ability of overseas financing. This problem has made the development of foreign direct investment in many private enterprises have a weak advantage.

In the process of foreign direct investment and its overseas enterprises, private enterprises should deal with all kinds of personnel and departments, and face various economic problems, so it is very important to have a proficient knowledge of international economic operation, understand technology, fine management, higher foreign language level of compound talents. Enterprises will be the production and operation, especially the production process, technical facilities, quality control, and so familiar with the domestic enterprise staff as the preferred target, but often their foreign language proficiency is limited, foreign trade knowledge level is not high, and difficult to grasp the local laws and regulations, can not worthy the task. The shortage of talents seriously restricts the smooth conduct of foreign direct investment of private enterprises and the development and expansion of overseas enterprises.

Due to the relatively backward productivity of some countries and regions in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, some private enterprises in China have more advantages than others, and many private enterprises take it as the location choice of foreign direct investment, but the result is often found that the location advantage does not exist. The political instability of these countries and regions, due to the frequent changes in the regime, resulting in policy changes. The discontinuity of this policy directly affects the development of foreign direct investment of private enterprises, and increases the investment risk greatly. Some private enterprises to invest in these areas, can not normally carry out production and management. Some foreign enterprises were sealed and nationalized. For example, the biggest risk that private enterprises have reflected in Cambodia's investment is political risk, and the shift in leadership has too much impact on policy, so companies in Cambodia invest in the country before the election, and do not easily increase investment. The same is true of investment in North Korea and Iraq.

As a kind of resource, information is also indispensable to foreign direct investment of private enterprises. But at present, private enterprises in the process of foreign direct investment due to poor information channels, resulting in asymmetric information.

Although a large number of media exist today, the Internet developed, but for private enterprises to foreign direct investment, the channel of access to information is still narrow. The private enterprise obtains the information in the outward direct investment process mainly relies on the government and so on the platform which the public department constructs, as well as the on-the-spot inspection. But at present, China is lagging behind in providing information and technical assistance for enterprises, and it is basically absent in mechanism.

Because of the insufficient information, the problem of asymmetric information of private enterprises in foreign direct investment exists, the choice of foreign investment location and joint venture of private investors and the difficulties and problems encountered by overseas enterprises in the process of production and operation are related. The information problem has become one of the most important factors to restrain the private enterprises from exerting their potential advantages and influencing their foreign direct investment.

In order to promote the "go out" work better, the Wenzhou government has taken many positive measures. Wenzhou government through the form of recognition to create a "go out" atmosphere of public opinion, through the organization of exchange activities, the invitation to the Ministry of Commerce, such as leadership, expert lectures, training and other activities to build information platform, through quality services, simplifying the approval procedures and other work unblocked Enterprise "go out" channel. Wenzhou municipal government has also been increasing financial support to encourage and support enterprises to "go out." 2007, 2008 Wenzhou Government allocated 300,000, 500,000 RMB special funds for "go out" work, 2009 more than 2 million yuan. These have created good external conditions for the foreign direct investment of Wenzhou private enterprises.

The foreign direct investment of Wenzhou private enterprises and the Wenzhou Government's work practice in this aspect, have provided the beneficial enlightenment and the reference for the private enterprise's outward direct investment in the whole, summed up mainly has the following several aspects.

To establish the idea of "going out" and "bringing in" together with the idea of economic and trade integration as the guideline, "Going Out" and "bringing in" are different aspects of foreign economic and trade. Complementary, interdependent, "introduced" in order to better "go out", "go out" is also conducive to the "introduction." The practice of foreign direct investment of Wenzhou private enterprises shows, the combination of "going out" and "bringing in" should jump out of the traditional framework of foreign investment and trade substitution. Such as the Wenzhou Olympic group in the "Go out" process, through cooperation, won the Italian shoe manufacturers Trust, so that the introduction of the brand's advanced production lines, the establishment of the international industrial park in Wenzhou, led the "Introduction to". At the same time, in the "Go out" and "bring in" interaction, further promote and expand the outward FDI of enterprises. In the government work, the Wenzhou foreign economic and trade outside the department and the foreign-funded departments hook to promote foreign exchange and foreign investment interaction. The Government to the overseas enterprises to send an appointment, to provide information, such as widening the channel of investment, but also to better "go out" to build more platforms.

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