美国作业代写：The difference of privacy between China and Western countries

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The difference of privacy between China and Western countries，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中西方隐私权的差异。西方人对个体隐私很看重，他们观念中个体隐私所涵盖的范畴也非常广泛，包括私人时间、空间、活动领域以及维护这一类事的私人权利。而中国人对于了解有关年龄、职业、收入等问题，觉得都理所当然，常以这些作为聊天的话题。中国人也有隐私，但侧重于群体隐私。如中国人用围墙来保护家庭或群体的领域不受侵犯，而家庭或群体内部却是开放的，个人隐私意识非常淡薄，保护个体隐私的要求也不强烈。

Privacy is an individual's natural right. From the moment humans grabbed the leaves and modesty, privacy arose. Therefore, the existence of privacy, the privacy of the public is inalienable, which is the nature of natural rights. This paper analyzes the differences between the right of privacy in the west and the deep cultural reasons behind the differences.

Westerners attach great importance to individual privacy, and their personal privacy encompasses a wide range of personal rights, including private time, private space, private spheres of activity, and the right to defend this category. In order to respect other people's private time, Westerners invite people to eat or participate in social activities will be informed beforehand, give others enough time to make arrangements. Westerners have a very strong sense of boundaries and are not allowed to enter others ' territories without permission. In Western countries, even parents have no right to enter their children's rooms, otherwise they will be considered impolite or disrespectful to the privacy of others. In addition, any personal privacy, such as personal status, political concepts, religious beliefs, personal behavior trends, can not be directly questioned.

And the Chinese people to know about age, occupation, income, marital status, children and other issues, feel all taken for granted, often with these as a chat topic. Chinese people greet each other by saying: "Have you eaten?" "Where have you been?" "Where are you going?" Westerners are disgusted with such greetings because they may think someone is spying on them and violating their privacy. So westerners like to say hello to a person who has nothing to do with the trouble, like talking about the weather and other topics that don't involve personal matters. For example, the Chinese will directly ask about the price of the goods they buy. In the eyes of Westerners, it is impolite to consider the economic condition of an outlaw. Therefore, this is also the privacy of Westerners, it is not appropriate to ask questions directly. Chinese also have privacy, but focus on group privacy. If the Chinese people use the wall to protect the family or groups of the field is not violated, while the family or group is open inside, personal privacy awareness is very weak, the protection of individual privacy requirements are not strong. For example, in China, old friends can not knock on the door, without prior notice "to go", which is inconceivable to Westerners.

The difference between Chinese and Western privacy is also concentrated in the use of law to protect the right to privacy awareness. The right of privacy, as a kind of legal rights, was first proposed by two scholars in the United States. In 1890, Professor Samore warren and Brandeis, a professor of law at Harvard University in the United States, classified privacy as a natural right, and put forward the concept of privacy, since then, the privacy issues into the field of jurisprudence. In China, the law circle has always equated "privacy" with "secret", and the "privacy" is understood as the personal secret right between the sexes. For a long time, China has not defined the right of privacy as a specific personality. The the 1980s introduced "privacy" and began its research and protection. But it is only through the right of reputation, the general infringement of privacy to protect the indirect. March 10, 2001 the Supreme People's Court formally established the right of privacy in the interpretation of certain issues concerning the determination of the liability for civil infringement of moral damage. At present, China's privacy theory research and legal protection is far behind the western countries. Chinese citizens are also weak in their awareness of the use of laws to protect their privacy.

Individualism is the core of Western countries ' values, which is defined as "The theory of advocating the freedom of individual freedom of movement and belief", including the aspects of autonomous motivation, independent choice, self-reliance, respect for others, freedom of individuality, respect for privacy and so on. The Western individualism values are centered on the individual, the individual's behavior is completely from own intrinsic emotion and the motive, opposes to the individuality stifling, as well as the individual right infringement. In English, "I" is always capitalized on the specific embodiment of language. Moreover, in the English name, represents the individual "name" is located before the surname, also manifests the Western thought idea the individual central position. At the same time, all the concepts associated with "individualism", such as "freedom", "equality", "independence" and so on, occupy the "supreme" position in the Western people's hearts. Westerners like to build relationships with others on the basis of personal feelings and equality, even when parents and children, so parents have to respect the privacy of their children, and children can also directly call their parents ' names. Western culture originated in the Kyrgyz civilization. To trace the roots, the hero who fights for personal honor in Homer's epic is the germination of Western individualism value orientation. Although in ancient Greece, individualism and the notion of individual rights, interests, values and freedoms were very weak in comparison with the strong holism, but they were beginning to emerge. The ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his "ideal country" to the value of holism to the extreme, denying the existence of the value and significance of personal interests. However, through Plato's Law chapter, he found that he had made compromises in his old age towards individualism in real life. Aristotle's understanding of the individual nature, family and socio-economic political system has, to a certain extent, recognized individual interests, rights, values and personal equality. He thought "Everybody loves themselves and loves out of talent", "everyone is his best friend and should love himself most". This understanding constitutes the original source of the individualism element. The Western modern theory of natural rights and the theory of social contract argue that people's freedom and innate rights come from the authority of nature, not the grace of the monarch, and the state power originates from the alienation of individual rights. This marks a major breakthrough in western awareness of individual rights.

Collectivism is the core of Chinese values, which is defined as "all from the collective, the collective interests on the individual interests of the idea", emphasizing the individual's collective obligations and responsibilities, collective interests first. Therefore, the western people in the eyes of the "I" in the eyes of the Chinese people are "ego." In China, the smallest unit of the collective is the family. In the family, with filial piety as the moral standard, emphasizing on the family's attachment and obedience, so the Chinese have a strong kinship and family concept. In the relationship between the individual and the state, the state's interests are paramount, and when necessary, individuals need to suppress themselves and even sacrifice themselves. The individual behavior should conform to the moral standard and the social request as far as possible, simultaneously must realize the existence of others, take into account other people's needs and desires. The Chinese individual's honor and disgrace and success are closely linked with the collective, "ancestors, prominent Lintel", "Be, after" and so on, are the embodiment of this concept.

Chinese culture is based on Confucian thought. Confucianism, founded by Confucius, aims to maintain the stability of the country, group harmony, advocating the establishment of a group of the main characteristics of the community, emphasizing that the interests of the collective is higher than the interests of individuals, only restrain themselves, obey the group, to the needs of the country, to get along with the secular. Confucius and Mencius emphasized personal self-cultivation, my day provinces ", emphasizing the moral cultivation of personal" to good "is the basis of maintaining social harmony, the standard of measuring a person's success, first," Li de ", followed by" meritorious work ", again is" celebrated ", only" inner Saint ", can" outside the King ". Chinese people have formed a unique cultural values: heavy authority, light facts, heavy collective, light individual. Confucian "and for your" thought more convincing people that: in order to achieve the overall situation of harmony, collective unity, should obey the social etiquette and moral norms, to the collective interests.

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