留学生作业代写：Nurse-Patient Communication

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Nurse-Patient Communication，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了护患的沟通。我们都知道，护患的沟通在医疗问题上非常重要，特别是对于绝大多数患者的健康。也就是说，在护士和病人之间能否有效地进行护患沟通，将直接决定病人能否得到他们想要的治疗，以及他们能从疾病中恢复多少。总之，护患的沟通，将是整个护理过程中的关键环节。

Introduction

It is known to us that nurse-patient interaction and communication matter quite much in medical issues, especially for the health of the great majority of patients. That is to say, whether nurse-patient interaction and communication can be conducted effectively between nurses and patients will directly determine whether the patients can get their desired treatment and how long they can recover from their illnesses. There is no doubt that efforts have to be made to promote the implementation of nurse-patient interaction and communication for the sake of patients’ health and it is the responsibility of each and every one concerned. Therefore the following will be a systematic literature review about nurse-patient interaction and communication, hoping that it can give some insightful suggestions as for how to make nurse-patient interaction and communication more effective in the real case.

Nurse-Patient Interaction and Communication: Literature Review

First and foremost comes Mary Beth Happ’s journal about nurse-patient communication interactions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). What has to be pointed out is that though this journal has especially focused on nurse-patient interaction and communication in the Intensive Care Unit, it can also apply in nurse-patient interaction and communication in other places and situations in one way or another. The same as Mary Beth Happ, Simon Rundell has also conducted a study on nurse-patient interaction in a high dependency unit but not in all places (Simon Rundell. 1991). To put it into more specifically, Mary Beth Happ has firstly mentioned that the inability to talk during critical illness can account for an important source of depression and distress for patients (Mary Beth Happ. 2011), which indicates the indispensability of nurse-patient interaction and communication. Also, the indispensability of nurse-patient interaction and communication is inevitable in that it is a resource for hope, meaning in life and self-transcendence in nursing home patients (Gorill Haugan RN. 2014). By carrying out research on both nurses and patients in the Intensive Care Unit, Mary Beth Happ finds out that 86.2% of nurse-patient interaction and communication exchanges are initiated by the nurses and the patients tend to answer when they are asked by the nurses (Mary Beth Happ. 2011). And there are 2.62 completed exchanges per minute between nurses and patients and the most common and effective nurse-patient interaction and communication exchange is making eye contact with each other (Mary Beth Happ. 2011). Also, it is added that generally 70% of nurse-patient interaction and communication exchanges are successful, but there are 37.7% among them of exchanges about pain are not successful. What is a pity to say is that 40% of patients hold that it is somewhat difficult for them to conduct effective communication exchanges with nurses (Mary Beth Happ. 2011). From this, we can easily know that there do have much to do for increasing effective nurse-patient interaction and communication exchanges. Or maybe it can be put in another way that measures can be taken in order to promote the smooth implementation of nurse-patient interaction and communication exchanges.

Moreover, Mary Beth Happ puts forward that communication of patients about pain and the use of assistive communication materials and communication strategies are the specific two areas for improvement of nurse-patient interaction and communication exchanges (Mary Beth Happ. 2011). Among the nurse participants and the patient participants being investigated, it has revealed that communication difficulty is the most distressing symptom for mechanically ventilated patients (Mary Beth Happ. 2011). We can understand it in this way that the condition of nurse-patient interaction and communication also varies from each other more or less for patients with different kinds of illnesses. Accordingly, we can predict that measures for different patients to increase effective nurse-patient interaction and communication should also be different. Another finding that has been raised by Mary Beth Happ is that most verbal nurse-patient communications and interactions last less than one minute (Mary Beth Happ. 2011). So we can have a fair knowledge that the duration of nurse-patient communication and interaction exchanges is as well one crucial part for improving nurse-patient communication and interaction. The longer the duration is, the more effective the communication between nurses and patients will be as a result.

As the above has illustrated that the kind of illness of patients will also influence the detailed condition of nurse-patient interaction. Then what follows is the nurse-patient interaction in communication disability after stroke by Gordon Clare. Detailed speaking, how nursing staff communicate with patients with aphasia or dysarthria in natural interactions on a specialist stroke ward has been explored and fourteen nurses together with five patients with aphasia or dysarthria have been studied and analyzed via conversation analysis (Gordon Clare. 2009). Gordon Clare has put forward that nurses usually talk with patients in a functional manner and they often apply minimal affective or social communication while communicating with patients (Gordon Clare. 2009). It has been found that when the topic and flow of conversations are changed by nurses, the outcome of interactions will be different to a certain degree. Bad news has it that nurses do not have the confidence to well communicate with patients with communication problems so that they have to be trained professionally, contributing to their being able to reinforce communication rehabilitation programs. It can be easily understood that once nurse-patient interaction and communication has progressed even for the slightest, the nurses can engage themselves more fully with patients in their care so that the patients can be better taken care of. Besides, a wider institutional culture of partnership is called for when taking the improvement in nurse-patient interaction and communication into consideration. Katarina Berg has also researched about the interaction between nurses and patients before elective coronary artery bypass surgery (Katarina Berg. 2013).

Apart from the kind of illness of patients, nurse-patient interaction has also been investigated with theoretical framework provided. For example, Mona Shattell has studied on nurse-patient interaction with Goffman’s theory of face work as theoretical model and it aims to bring some benefits as for how to develop nursing knowledge about nurse-patient communication and interaction (Shattell M. 2004). As a result, it discovers that nurse-patient interaction is a central element of clinical nursing practice and Goffman’s model can really help better understand nurse-patient communication in one way or another. With the help of Goffman’s model, Mona Shattell claims that the cultural and social context, interpersonal competence, power and so on are the factors that the nurses have to take cognizance of if they would like to increase the quality of nurse-patient interaction to a certain extent (Shattell M. 2004). Or maybe we can understand it in this way that these afore-mentioned factors are the key elements as for whether nurses can actually increase their quality when they are interacting with patients. But the fact is that the importance of social meanings and understandings in patient-nurse interactions is not fully apparent to nurses, which requires the nurses to pay close attention to in approaching days (Kathleen M Stoddart. 2012). And Vida Shafipour has mentioned that there are many barriers to nurse-patient communication as should be conquered by the nurses and the patients in the due time (Vida Shafipour. 2014).

In addition, Pullen Richard L. has talked about how to foster therapeutic nurse-patient relationships and we can readily know that nurse-patient interaction is a necessity during the process of fostering therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. According to Pullen Richard L., therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can be perceived as a caring and helping relationship that’s based on mutual respect and trust, faith and hope and patients’ emotional, physical and spiritual needs will all be dealt with by taking advantage of nurses’ knowledge and skill (Pullen Richard L. 2010). And the cultivation of successful therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can help lead to harmony and healing between nurses and patients and it can speed up the process for patients to achieve wellness. What can not be neglected is that here the communication between nurses and patients include both verbal and non-verbal communication methods (Pullen Richard L. 2010). Thus making eye contact listed by Mary Beth Happ can be seen as non-verbal communication. After brief introduction, the author has stated several tips as for how to quickly and successfully cultivate therapeutic nurse-patient relationships, which can be summarized into the following ones: using name while communicating with each other; protecting one another’s privacy all the time; showing genuine self and being a good listener; maintaining eye contact; maintaining professional boundaries; etc (Pullen Richard L. 2010). It can not be denied that there are many other effective methods as can benefit the cultivation of successful therapeutic nurse-patient relationship and the author has only given out the most significant ones. The formation of successful therapeutic nurse-patient relationship can bring a win-win situation for both nurses and patients because the whole process of shaping such a relationship is actually one that can lead to mutual growth in one way or another. Lisa Kennedy Sheldon has also talked about her own point of view as for how to establish a therapeutic relationship and the difference lies in that she uses the method of case study (Lisa Kennedy Sheldon. 2013).

Conclusion

To sum up, it can be found that there are still really much to do in order to improve nurse-patient interaction and communication and nurse-patient interaction and communication is really a critical part in the whole process of nursing. I have to say that the previous studies about nurse-patient interaction and communication tend to be somewhat limited and further studies about it have to be conducted in the future on how to increase the quality of nurse-patient interaction and communication in a more organized way. What is a pity to say is that this paper is with its delimitations due to my being inexperienced, which asks for your precious suggestions and delicate attention.

References

1. Gordon Clare. 2009. The use of conversational analysis: nurse-patient interaction in communication disability after stroke. Online available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19222652.

2. Gorill Haugan RN. March 2014. Nurse-patient interaction is a resource of hope, meaning in life and self-transcendence in nursing home patients. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 28(1). Pp 74-88.

3. Katarina Berg. 2013. The Interaction between the Patient and Nurse Anesthetist Immediately Before Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. 28(5). Pp 283-290.

4. Kathleen M Stoddart. 5, September. 2012. Social meanings and understandings in patient-nurse interaction in the community practice setting: a grounded theory study. Online available from: http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6955-11-14.

5. Lisa Kennedy Sheldon. 2013. Establish a therapeutic relationship. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

6. Mary Beth Happ. March 2011. Nurse-Patient Communication Interactions in the Intensive Care Unit. Online available from http://ajcc.aacnjournals.org/content/20/2/e28.full.

7. Pullen Richard L. May/June 2010. Fostering therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. Nursing Made Incredibly. 8(3). P4.

8. Shattell M. 2004. Nurse-patient interaction: a review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 13. Pp714-722.

9. Simon Rundell. September 1991. A study of nurse-patient interaction in a high dependency unit. Intensive Care Nursing. 7(3). Pp171-178.

10. Vida Shafipour. August 15, 2014. Barriers to Nurse-Patient Communication in Cardiac Surgery Wards: A Qualitative Study. Global Journal of Health Science. 6(6). Pp234-244.

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