The View of World History in Historical Philosophy-assignment代写

留学生assignment代写精选范文：“The View of World History in Historical Philosophy”，这篇论文讨论了《历史哲学》中的世界历史观。书中阐述的并不是观察世界历史，而是从世界历史的中举例来阐明这一些观察。书中关于世界历史的发展观虽然是客观唯心的，但是其关于世界历史的联系发展观却是受人敬仰的。它道出了这个世界存在的一种状态，也为我们认识人类社会的发展提供了重要的指导和方法。

the original narrative record of history means they will "evolve around all sorts, moved to the area of mental concepts go" spiritual concept level, the external things in the appear. Original narrative historian is "they personally saw action, incident and situation, and they with these actions, the spirit and circumstances of the incident, with solidarity relations". The original historians, they put their own actions and circumstances known to change it into work on the idea to look in the eyes of their true and can be used to as a base material is real and visible, thus constituting an original history.

Reflect on history with respect to the original history, its broader scope, its spirit is "beyond the present era." Reflect on history within itself divided into different categories, namely: "history" universal history "experiment", "historical criticism" and "local history."

Legal, religious history, such as the general history of art and so this type of view is widespread, the main job is to sort of historical data. But in the process of finishing these historical home of the "spirit of his own to engage in processing, he's the kind of spirit and spiritual content of the material different", not simply just like the original history as narrative-based . Historical experiments always people to link past and present, the history of the past, in consciousness will produce a "now" According to historical research, will be described in the "past" attach "now" breath, put this time At the moment his spirit into the study of history to go, so past and present took place a link. But this history is not thorough enough and deep understanding of the historical situation and generalization. Historical criticism by the Shiren Rui Lee's vision of the various historical narrative exists to criticize, to check the authenticity and reliability of the narrative, it is the history of a historical. The fourth local history can be seen as the overall relationship with the local structure, it is a divided state throughout history, it is local.

The original and reflect on the history of these two, they cannot carefully explained and illustrated, as is the history of these two out can be expressed most directly by the literal or historical period it states that, thus "their idea is self-evident. "

history of philosophy, history is different from the first two, it "observed the history of the only 'thinking' is the reason this simple concept, 'rational' is the master of the world, world history is therefore a rational process". Hegel believed that rational entity. On the one hand, the universe is rational entity, the reality of all existence and survival needs rational; on the other hand, reason is not divorced from the reality, it is not just an ideal, it is "unlimited content of all things, is the essence of all things and truth ", but it is not dependent on foreign substances and things. Reason is "the only basis for its own survival and its own absolute final goal, while it is to achieve this goal of effective power, this goal is not only to expand it in the phenomenon of 'natural universe' in, but also expand the phenomenon of 'cosmic spirit' in world history. " dominate the world is rational, because of this, world history is a rational process.

Mariana Charles Glass was first proposed "rational dominator of the world," but this principle when used for specific natural disadvantages exist. This idea that reason in the "natural", says "natural" always complied with the law in general. But in fact, "natural" is not deduce from this principle, this principle is only an abstract concept. " 'Rational' world dominated by the idea of an application of the same form as we know it, is to have the form of religious truth nexus", "Religion in the form of" here is "divine", and this "divine" and "rational" there is a difference, "Providence" is universal, is a simple belief, it is not as "rational" as can drill down to determine things go, it can be applied to specific things.

Hegel said that "the object of our study is that the world belongs to the field of history 'spirit' of the 'world' of the term, including physical and psychological nature of both natural…… Our work does not require us to 'nature' itself as a reasonable system to observe - though within its own legitimate field it proves itself to be so - as long as we explore its relationship to the 'spirit' of the " here, Hegel talk three points: "spiritual" nature of what is; to achieve its "idea" what means or methods "spirit" with; "spirit" that is implemented in the form of the State.

Hegel said that by observing the "spirit" that is the antithesis of "substance" draw "spiritual" in nature. "Material" and "entity" is gravity or gravity is outside of its own, "its various components are mutually exclusive", to hang it was survival. The "spirit" is to rely on their own existence, "it has its center point within its own", it exists on its own, so the "spirit" is the essence of freedom. This "spirit" on their own existence is "self-awareness" that it may be aware of their existence. Because the "spirit" has the consciousness of "I know" and "what do I know", both combined make "spiritual" guidance itself, so that it is free. The sense of "freedom" is not the emergence of a thorough, it also has its own progression, and thus a variety of different degrees F: Eastern countries only know of one person's liberty that is freedom autocratic monarchy; only Greece and Rome I know part of human freedom, which is the reason why the Greek and Roman slaves; and the Germanic people the freedom to know everything, to know the nature of man as man. Therefore, world history is "free" in the sense of progress and development, as Hegel said, "Freedom itself is the sole purpose of pursuing its own goals and 'spirit' of this last objective is world history. "

"Spirit" and "freedom" are an inherent concept is an abstract concept, such as "Principles", "right", "legal" and the like is something inside, these exist only in our minds in it is our subjective plan, in reality, society does not exist, in order to achieve this "freedom" in reality, we need to get rid of their abstract, with explicit and realistic means that is concrete human activity. With specific human activity, abstract, universal concepts will be achieved in reality. Therefore, we can see the unity and coordination of both the concept of "spirit" of specific human activities (opposition and unity), to promote the progress of the "free" world consciousness that is history. But in the end, after all concrete human activity it is a means, so that human activities alone, it in itself to achieve the "spirit" of freedom does not play a role in the disposal. Hegel believed "that make them action, there is a driving force behind their decision, and that is human needs, instinct, interest and enthusiasm." In other words, human needs, passions and interests are the only specific human activities source, "the most powerful source of" all actions, compared to order, homemade, law and ethics, their impact on people is more direct and straightforward.

However, the beginning of world history that is the beginning of the "spirit" of freedom now is not a free and conscious purpose, but when people engage in specific activities not consciously realized. Every person engaged in specific activities, are subject to their own inner needs, instincts and emotions to influence people to survive will engage in activities consistent with their intent, so that between the subject and the object will produce a stake, if Without this interest, then "all great things in the world will not succeed". In the face of history, people are restricted when they realize their own interests at the same time, and incidentally to achieve the free "spirit" in an unconscious consciousness. Similarly, those heroes in the history of the world is also true, the only difference is that they become the "World Spirit" in the eyes of ordinary people in the world who seek agency and know what is and what they need for the moment thing. Such activities carried out when the characters engaged in their careers, carved their work, pursue their goals so that the entire world had contact, and launched the popular "Ideas" in case they are not conscious.

Overall, therefore, the "World Spirit" Implementation involves many individual activities, '' rational 'appears in them, do them in the nature of the entity itself exists, but' rational 'also initially hidden and not been apparent, " as a basis people do not know.

Hegel mentioned in this introduction in" to complete a subjective, limited purpose when we have to consider to factors of a material, regardless of which material is already exist, or must achieve. "This problem can be said to be any "rational ultimate aim" to complete the required material is? Hegel believed that the reality of the material or form is the state. State is a form of reality, is a combination of subjective and "will" and reasonable "will", every individual in the "admit, I believe, and that is willing to accept 'all' the things in common," under the premise It owns and enjoy his own freedom. Here freedom is real freedom, the individual will admit to popular will, is the unity of the two. State is a moral "all", which is specifically manifested a moral life. All human values and spiritual reality, are reflected through the country. People living in a country unified by a common will and fundamental individual will have a form of moral life, their "freedom" to obtain objectivity.

Hegel believed that if people's self-interest and the public interest of the country is the same, then this country is reasonable, however, due to the country's constitution is complex, full of all kinds of systems and institutions so the country must go through a long-term the struggle to be able to form. Meanwhile, in this country, the history of the object will have a definitive form.

Third, the history of the world's travel history of the world is the "spirit" of the occasion to achieve freedom, world history of stroke it can be said that the "spirit" of their development and implementation process. "Spirit" in the "natural" development circles, but it is their own and fight, it must overcome in order to develop and deny their own, resulting in a new self, which is a dialectical process of development. "Spiritual development, not as the development of organic life, indicate the kind of pure sound growth of non-confrontational quiet, but it is a serious non-self desire, and against their own process."

World History stroke, Hegel believed there was a contradiction of the old and the new development in the history of the development. "In the history of the development of all existing social reality will disappear along with its historical inevitability, thus becoming the old irrational thing to lose its raison d'être, which is bound to be replaced by something new with a historical necessity, between the old and the new that contradictions driving change history. " Hegel pointed out the old and the new historical process of alternately rising and the inevitability of change and the use of positive and negative things internal contradictions of world history to explain the rise in denial forward movement . At the same time this is a historic travel from free to not free of course, means that this history is the people's understanding of "freedom" from the surface to the depth of the process is a process of "spiritual freedom" to achieve. Like mentioned in the introduction of Hegel '' spirit 'is the result of its own activities in nature: its activity is to go beyond the kind of direct, simple, and does not reflect the existence of - the kind of negative survival, and return to its own. "

Fourth, the relationship between Hegel's Philosophy of history and Ma Kesi philosophy of history of  the Hegelian dialectic constant motion on the natural, historical and spiritual world, change and development point of view, for the dialectical materialism Ma Kesi established played a crucial role, it also allows Ma Kesi to understand the real mystery philosophy. Ma Kesi affirmed Hegel recognized this view of human activities on the process of development of human history, a recognized thought of Hegelian philosophy, that "dialectics is the creation of historical development and promoting principles."

Marx Hegel's philosophy of history is philosophy as a starting point, it is formed after with a deep understanding and grasp of Hegel's ideas. "Hegel's philosophy of history contained in the reasonable kernel is the most direct and important source of Ma Kesi theory of world history, philosophy, and laid a solid foundation for the theory of Ma Kesi's philosophy of history." Ma Kesi deep understanding of the philosophy of Hegel and understanding, promote the development of Marx's thought, Ma Kesi pulls us back to earth from God, "the other side of the world the truth after the passage of history's task is to establish the truth on this side of the world." Although Ma Kesi realized that when Hegel's philosophy and reality there is a conflict be criticized, but it is undeniable that the Hegelian dialectic thinking is unified and materialism Ma Kesi on the basis of social practice and on unified view of nature and history of the foundation.

Hegel's concept of development on world history, although the objective idealist, but their contact development concept on world history is venerated. He points to the existence of a state of the world, but also provides important guidance and methods for our understanding of the development of human society. Every country and nation exist in this world, in the development of their own, will inevitably have some kind of contact with other ethnic groups, otherwise the nation will gradually decline or even disappear. Every nation, the state only form with other nations, countries some connection, mutual learning and exchange, the nation, the country will leave their own place in the course of world history, will make their voices heard, human history will progress.

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