《动物农场》下的革命寓意--Assignment代写范文

Assignment代写范文:“《动物农场》下的革命寓意”，这篇论文主要描述的是在乔治·奥威尔的《动物农场》中讲的是一场动物革命所映射出来的政治革命寓意，动物们推翻了农场主的统治，但权力的斗争并未因此而停止，动物们的战争也随着来临。奥威尔以来来预言着在当时美国的共产主义就如同这场动物革命一样。

The theme of Animal Farm is not difficult to follow with in the book. The allegory of history that was during the time of the books development, Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States.  Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia.  Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical.

In his book, Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolize the communist system.  Though the original intention of overthrowing Mr. Jones (who represents the Czars), is not inherently evil in itself, Napoleon’s subsequent adoption of nearly all of Mr. Jones’ principles and harsh mistreatment of the animals proves to the reader that indeed communism is not equality, but just another form of inequality.  The pigs and dogs take most of the power for themselves, thinking that they are the best administrators of government.  Eventually the power corrupts them, and they turn on their fellow animals, eliminating competitors through propaganda and bloodshed.  This is of course a reference to Stalin, who murdered many of his own people in order to maintain his dictatorship of Russia.

Because Animal Farm was written, it opened the eyes of the Western world to finally realize the danger of communism.  Soon a Cold War began between the world’s greatest superpowers— the Soviet Union and the United States.  In the end, America would prove that capitalism and democracy could outlive a system of government-mandated equality.

As Orwell’s presentation within in the book, many animals were used to symbolize different public figures in that time frame. Each animal had an outstanding role through out this book from the pigs to the pigeons each with their own mischief characters.

Mr. Jones: Mr. Jones is Orwell’s chief villain in Animal Farm. Of course Napoleon is also the major villain, however much more indirectly. Orwell says that at one time Jones was actually a decent master to his animals. At this time the farm was thriving. But in recent years the farm had fallen on harder times (symbol of the world-wide Great Depression of the 30’s) and the opportunity was seen to revolt. The worldwide depression began in the United States when the stock market crashed in October of 1929. The depression spread throughout the world because American exports were so dependent on Europe. The U.S. was also a major contributor to the world market economy. Germany along with the rest of Europe was especially hit hard. The parallels between crop failure of the farm and the depression in the 1930’s are clear. Only the leaders and the die-hard followers ate their fill during this time period.

Mr. Jones symbolizes Czar Nicholas II, the leader before Stalin (Napoleon). Jones represents the old government, the last of the Czars. Orwell suggests that Jones (Czar Nicholas II) was losing his “edge.” In fact, he and his men had taken up the habit of drinking. Old Major reveals his feelings about Jones and his administration when he says, “Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plow, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving and the rest he keeps for himself.”

Old Major: Old Major is the first major character described by Orwell in Animal Farm.  This pure hearted of pigs is the kind, grandfatherly philosopher of change— and is an obvious metaphor for Karl Marx.   Old Major proposes a solution to the animals’ desperate plight under the Jones “administration” when he inspires a rebellion of sorts among the animals.   Of course the actual time of the revolt is unsaid.    It could be the next day or several generations down the road.  But old Major’s philosophy is only an ideal.

After his death, three days after the barn-yard speech, the socialism he professes is drastically altered when Napoleon and the other pigs begin to dominate.  It’s interesting that Orwell does not mention Napoleon or Snowball anytime during the great speech of old Major.  This shows how distant and out-of-touch they really were; the ideals old Major proclaimed seemed to not even have been considered when they were establishing their new government after the successful revolt.  It almost seemed as though the pigs fed off old Major’s inspiration and then used it to benefit themselves instead of following through on the old Major’s honest proposal.  This could be Orwell’s attempt to dig Stalin, who many consider to be someone who totally ignored Marx’s political and social theory.

Moses: Moses is perhaps Orwell’s most intriguing character in Animal Farm.  This raven, first described as the “especial pet” of Mr. Jones, is the only animal that doesn’t work.  He’s also the only character who doesn’t listen to Old Major’s speech of rebellion.

Moses represents Orwell’s view of the Church.  To Orwell, the Church is just used as a tool by dictatorships to keep the working class of people hopeful and productive.  Orwell uses Moses to criticize Marx’s belief that the Church will just go away after the rebellion.  Jones first used Moses to keep the animals working, and he was successful in many ways before the rebellion.  The pigs had a real hard time getting rid of Moses, since the lies about Heaven they thought would only lead the animals away from the equality of socialism.   But as the pigs led by Napoleon become more and more like Mr. Jones, Moses finds his place again.  After being away for several years, he suddenly returns and picks up right where he left off.   The pigs don’t mind this time because the animals have already realized that the “equality” of the revolt is a farce.  So Napoleon feeds Moses with beer, and the full-circle is complete.

Snowball: Orwell describes Snowball as a pig very similar to Napoleon— at least in the early stages. Both pigs wanted a leadership position in the “new” economic and political system but which is actually contradictory to the whole supposed system of equality. But as time goes on, both eventually realize that one of them will have to step down. Orwell indicates with in the book that the two were always arguing. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. But it was noticed that these two were never in agreement: whatever suggestion either of them made, the other could be counted to oppose it.” Later, Orwell makes the case stronger that these two disagreed at every point disagreement was possible.

Soon the differences, like whether or not to build a windmill, become too great to deal with, so Napoleon decides that Snowball must be eliminated. It might seem that this was a spontaneous reaction, but a careful look tells otherwise. Napoleon was setting the stage for his own domination long before he really began “dishing it out” to Snowball. For example, he took the puppies away from their mothers in efforts to establish a private police force. These dogs would later be used to eliminate Snowball, his archrival.

Snowball represents Trotsky, the archrival of Stalin in Russia. The parallels between Trotsky and Snowball are uncanny. Trotsky too, was exiled, not from the farm, but to Mexico, where he spoke out against Stalin. Stalin was very weary of Trotsky, and feared that Trotsky supporters might try to assassinate him. The dictator of Russia tried hard to kill Trotsky, for the fear of losing leadership was very great in the crazy man’s mind. Trotsky also believed in Communism, but he thought he could run Russia better than Stalin.  Trotsky was murdered in Mexico by the Russian internal police, the NKVD-the pre-organization of the KGB. Trotsky was found murdered at his villa in Mexico.

Napoleon: Napoleon is Orwell’s chief villain in Animal Farm.  The name Napoleon is very coincidental since Napoleon, the dictator of France, was thought by many to be the Anti-Christ.  Napoleon, the pig, is really the central character on the farm.     Obviously a symbol for Stalin, Comrade Napoleon represents the human frailties of any revolution.  The book portrayed that although socialism is good as an ideal, it can never be successfully adopted due to uncontrollable sins of human nature.    An example of this is Napoleon seems as first to be a good leader, he is eventually overcome by greed and soon becomes power-hungry.  Of course in real life so was Stalin, and his intentions too in Russia, leaving the original equality of socialism behind, giving himself all the power and living in luxury while the common peasant suffered.  Thus, while his national and international status blossomed, the welfare of Russia remained unchanged.

Squealer: Squealer is an intriguing character in Orwell’s Animal Farm.  He’s first described as a manipulator and persuader.  Orwell shows, “He could turn black into white.”  Many critics associate Squealer with the Pravda, the Russian newspaper of the 1930’s.  Propaganda was a key to many publications, and since there was no television or radio, the newspaper was the primary source of media information, and thus Stalin and his new Bolshevik regime seized the monopoly of the Pravda.

Pigs: Orwell uses the pigs to surround and support Napoleon.  They symbolize the communist party loyalists and the friends of Stalin.  The pigs, unlike other animals, live in luxury and enjoy the benefits of the society they help control.  Orwell expressed the inequality and true hypocrisy of communism here.  From what my understanding is I do not believe that George Orwell thinks that such a society can exist with out an incredible amount of chaos and uncertainty.

Dogs: Orwell uses the dogs in his book, Animal Farm, to represent the KGB or perhaps more accurately, the bodyguards of Stalin.  The dogs are the arch-defenders of Napoleon and the pigs, and although they don’t speak, they are definitely a force the other animals have to contend with. The use of the dogs begins the evil use of force, which helps Napoleon maintain power.  Later, the dogs do even more immoral things when they are instructed to kill the animals labeled “disloyal.” Stalin, too, had his own special force of “helpers.”   Really there are followers loyal to any politician or government leader, but Stalin in particular needed a special police force to eliminate his opponents.  This is how Trotsky was killed.

The Characters in the book are wide and many, I have chosen these because they are the most important and most relevant to the peoples minds in society today. Orwell did a tremendous job creating this allegory of such with incredible creativity. Each character with in the book seems to have a fitting role with each of the animals that were portrayed with “Animal Farm”.  I enjoyed reading this book because it gave a new perspective in our history as citizens of every state in the nation. Because the wars that were during this time were not just located and affected one area, the whole world was watching.  In point I think Orwell’s focus was very sharp and to the point through out the book, no one else came close to his creative stature in replicating such a book of allegory such as his, thus why I appreciated his book so much.

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