Chinese Immigration to Australia--Assignment代写范文

Assignment代写范文:“Chinese Immigration to Australia”，这篇论文主要描述的是最早在1840年的时候中国就开始有人来到澳大利亚居住，这也带动了一股移民增长的趋势，使得澳大利亚的外来人口显著增加，使得澳大利亚的犯罪率急速上升，澳大利亚政府也随即做出了限制，这也使得移民澳大利亚的人数急剧下降。

1.      Introduction

Background——key idea: Migrants came to Australia from 1840

Chinese first came to Australia in 1840, and it was directly caused by the migration of criminals to the New South Wales. Then migration from China to Australia boomed in the 20th century. It was reported in 1950s that 2341 Chinese people immigrated into Victoria in 1854, however, the number surged to over 30,000 just 3 years later, in 1857. It was 42,000 in number during the period 1858-1859 (The Australia encyclopedia, 1979). Chinese people also immigrated into other places including the New South Wales and Queensland. They came here mainly because of the goldfield there. The merchants also run gardens to sale fruits as well as vegetable, while some other immigrants managed in manufacturing industry.

Background——key idea: changes caused by the policies

After some severe turmoil in Australia, the state government made rules to restrict Chinese in mining. And the Federation made White Australia Policy to favor immigration from certain European countries in 1901. The policy almost completely limited Asians from entry into Australia, which caused dramatic decline in the number of China-Australia immigration. Due to the immigration Restriction Act 1901, few Chinese immigrated into Australia in this period, until the beginning of the World War 2.The number of Chinese in Australia declined from the peak in 1888 of 50,000 to 17,000 in 1921 and only 10,800 in 1933.

Backgrounds develop——key idea: development after World War II

China was one of the victors of World War II, as a result, Chinese along with the Europeans, were encouraged to immigrate into Australia by the local government. However, from then on, Chinese people started to participate in social affairs in Australia and made large contribution to the development of local economy and culture. They managed in mining, sales and manufacture, or running malls, coffee shops and restaurants in the countryside (The Australia encyclopedia, 1979). Those migrants controlled almost the whole of trade between the two countries these years.

This paper seeks to understand the phases of immigration from China to Australia and the impact of each stage. The essay also gives critical analysis about the different policies formulated by the Federation and the impact on both China and Australia in different time period. Then compare the outcomes and evaluate the meaning to the development in the future.

2.      Essay body

Support 1: Immigration policy prior to Federation was the premises of mass immigration from China.

It was called Gold Rush Era in history, most Chinese there managed in mining with people from other regions (Qiao and Niu, 2009). This immigration formed the trend later from China to Australia, providing labor workers to this place. However, the boom of population in the colony like New South Wales then led to restrictions by state government including Victoria and New South Wales. These restrictions remained in force until the early 1870s.

Support 2: The white Australia Policy 1901 restricted the immigration from Asia for many years. Chinese immigrants suffered from the policy and even expelled from Australia.

The influx of Asian immigration caused tension between the local and Chinese. They hatred Chinese and even launched serious Chinese exclusion violent Force in 1854- 1861.

Immigration was a typical problem in this period. With the support of the Australian Labor Party, Australian Federation established Immigration Restriction Act 1901 to restrict immigration except from Europe. The white Australia Policy was then made into regulations by the government, that means Australia is the world for white people, other colored races need to be expelled from Australia. From then on, all Asians including Chinese and Indian were forbidden from immigrating to Australia.

The white Australia Policy was established for many reasons. First of all, the policy aimed to protect Great Britain Group. Racial discrimination is suggested in this policy. Secondly, for economic reasons, Chinese were forced to immigrate to Australia because of living problems. They came here not to be cheap labors like Indians but to seek for fortune. This possibly caused tension between races because of benefits. Apart from that, Chinese people run shops or industries here, which also set great pressure to the local for certain market and employment. So the economic reasons were the direct reason for the White Australia Policy (Lockwood, 1964).

Finally, the special landscape and complex political background was another reason for this event. Although Australia is located in Asian-Pacific region, it was highly influenced by the European culture because of colonization. As a result, the local government was set in the sense of insecurity, who believed that 52% of people living in Asia, so 52% of the world population would be the threat to Australia (Donald, 1999). Japanese, Chinese and Indian were considered to be invaders in Australia in different time period, especially during the World War II. This had made Australian hostile and alert to the whole Asia (Zhang, 2000). This had also made the white Australia Policy continued in practice for decades. During this period, Chinese seldom immigrated into Australia.

Support 3: The abolition of the policy after the World War II eased the relationship between the different races, giving benefits to Chinese to some extent.

The policy in this period actually demonstrated the essence of race discrimination, in this period, Chinese immigrants started to follow the local culture and need to take the social responsibilities.

3.      Conclusion

In conclusion, the essay examined the different stage of Chinese immigration to Australia, and gave analysis of the main reason for those main immigration policies and their influence. The Chinese migrants formed the main group of immigration, brought Australia with new culture and labor-workers. However, the history of migration from China to Australia reflected the policies not only to China, but also to other Asian countries. The white Australia Policy once discriminated Chinese immigrants and made Australia lack of workers in a long time, this policy would certainly be forbidden because of race discrimination. However, Chinese were encouraged to immigrate after the policy in late 1960s. From then on, Chinese immigrants benefited a lot from the contemporary policies, which encouraged immigration from China to bring in new culture to the country. This made WIN-WIN to both countries. Australia benefited from development in economics and social stabilization, while Chinese made export trade there and benefit for them.

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