Human cloning a blessing or curse--悉尼Assignment代写范文

悉尼Assignment代写范文:“Human cloning a blessing or curse”，这篇论文主要描述的是随着1997年克隆羊多利试验的成功，也激起了科学家们对于克隆人类动力，但是人们对于克隆人类有着许多的争议，不同的利益群体有着不同的观点，本文通过对克隆人技术进行了深入的研究和探索，来探究这项克隆人技术对于人类而言到底是福还是祸。

There are few scientific and technological issues that have drawn so much public attention and have arose so much controversy as human cloning. Since the announcement of the birth of ‘Dolly’ the sheep in 1997, the cloning of human being has been a hot topic which has been discussed not only by biological and medical scientists, but also by different interest groups, economists, sociologists, ethicists, jurisconsults, moralists, policymakers, religious believers and many ordinary beings who concern about human development. This essay gives some arguments about human cloning. Firstly, this essay will make a general overview of human cloning and the current situation of the debate on this issue. In the second part, two benefits of human cloning will be discussed with status support. Subsequently the essay will give the opposite opinion with two aspects of risks of human cloning.

1.     What is human cloning?

Before judging human cloning, the first thing we should do is to have a basic understanding of what it is. In the article The Question of Human Cloning, John A. Robertson states that to clone is to create a genetic replica(Robertson, 1994). Actually there are two types of human cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Simply speaking, reproductive cloning is to recombine a cell nucleus and an egg to ultimately give birth to a baby (Nisbet, 2004). Therapeutic cloning, also known as non-reproductive cloning, is to split the cells to make them become new embryos. We have to make it clear that which type we are talking about when it comes to this issue.

In March 2005, failing to reach a consensus on a binding convention, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a non-binding declaration on human cloning as a compromise of different parties, by a recorded vote of 84 to 34, with 37 abstentions. There are still a lot of divergence of this issue and many problems to be discussed more profoundly and openly. Currently, national governments mostly remain opposed reproductive cloning, but therapeutic cloning is still disputed.

2.     Is human cloning a blessing from God?

From the opinion of supporters, there are many benefits from human cloning. The first to be benefit from this is patients with a malfunctioning organ. The therapeutic cloning would provide a suitable replacement grown in a laboratory. Since the new organ would be cultivated from cells which belong to patients own body parts, when transplanted to patients, it would reduce the risk of rejection caused by an immune reaction. The therapeutic cloning would offer great help to people who suffer from organic diseases. This is a big step in the human health career.

In addition, proponents claim that everyone has the procreative freedom and thus has the freedom to use cloning to reproduce. This deserves respect (Strong, 2004). It would be cheerful and exciting if a copy of a person could be made to overcome infertility! Reproductive cloning could help thousands of couples who want a child of their own which is also related genetically.

In these cases, human cloning is a blessing from God to make us a much better future.

3.     Is human cloning a demon curse?

However, many others find human cloning less beautiful or promising and more like a demon curse which may destroy human beings. They doubt that whether it is worthy to take risk.

In his article Public Opinion about Stem Cell Research and Human Cloning, Nisbet displayed polls trends to show public opinion on human cloning in America. It shows that between 1993 and 2002, about 3 quarters or more of respondents have declared constantly their disapproval of reproductive cloning (Nisbet, 2004).

For one thing, opponents say that human cloning may give rise to safety problems. Many people including Ian Wilmut who created Dolly, find human cloning very offensive. Regardless of the imperfectness of the technology and the genetic and healthy risks it may bring to patients who get new embryos by therapeutic cloning and to babies who are born by reproductive cloning, what if the technology was misused for evil purposes? That would be an extremely tragic disaster for human being.

Others question complex ethical issues involved in this. If reproductive cloning causes genetic mutation and gives birth to a baby that carries genetic abnormalities, what should we do? Could we or could we not kill it? When it is still easy to catch genetic defect, hast reproductive cloning is inhuman. Some also say that reproductive cloning would break human relations based on sexual relations in families and in the society. The relationship between “cloners” and “clonees” could not be absorbed into the current ethical system. Are they parents and sons, or are they brothers and sisters?

In conclusion, human cloning could benefit people suffering organic diseases or infertility accompanying with risks of genetic and health danger and ethical problems. There are still a lot to be discussed openly. It is believed that life is the highest value with nothing else equivalent in the world. The first principle of all work and all discussion is to respect life, and to respect the life existence, the health of every human being and their right to achieve happiness. Including respecting life, ethical values which people hold now are the basis of human society. They are the reason for the existence of and the order of society. Comparing with reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning technology is more mature and less controversial, of which supporters outnumber opponents. The potential medical value of the study and clinical applications of therapeutic cloning is in evidence and is worth pursuing. To save thousands of patients’ lives shows the highest respect to human life value. As long as scientists and scientific activities stick to the attitude of responsiveness to society and principles consistent with ethical standards which human pursue, the technology of clone will finally become a blessing from God which benefit all human being.

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