The role of film in the historical study--多伦多留学生Assignment代写范文

多伦多留学生作业Assignment代写范文:“The role of film in the historical study”，这篇论文主要描述的是电影能够帮助人们回望过去发生的历史，让人们感受到历史事件发生时的环境与背景，对历史研究具有一定的参考价值，在历史研究中我们使用到最多的就是各种历史档案，有数字媒体文件、诗歌、文学等诸多的档案作为研究的材料，本文以研究第一次世界大战为例，强调各类的档案对于历史研究的重要性。

Apart from papaer documents and databases, films also play an important role in historical research. This report centers on the function of films in historical research on the First World War using various archives especially the First World War Poetry Digital Archive and Europeana as supporting materials. The first part of this report begins with literature review that supports film’s vital role in historical research, followed by various archives used in this research. The second part of the report is mainly about the evaluation of digital archives used in this work including the scope, accessibility, professional support, archival policies, management methods, preversation problems and potential dangers.

1.0   Introduction 简介

1.1 Background

Ever since the birth of ‘Black Maria’, the very first film production studio throughout the world, tremendous films and videos have been made covering economics, culture, history and all other areas. Films and videos inevitably reflected the cultural and historical conditions of times that films were made though the purposes behind might vary dramatically. Nowadays, film archiving is changing rapidly mainly because of great digital technology developments which in turn is transforming the way how historical research is carried out. Thus the relationship between historical researchon memorable events and film archives is very intriguing.

1.2 Research questions

To explore how film archives impact historical research, a few questions need further research:

1. To explore how people benefit from film archives in theGreat War research.

2. To evaluate film archives or collections used in this research.

1.3 Structure

This report contained two major sections: part 1 and part 2. Part 1 centers on the influence of film archives in historical research which could be further divided into the following sections: introduction, methodology, discussion as well as conclusion. Part 2 is mainly about the evaluation of archives or collections used.

2.0 Methodology 方法论

This report starts with the research topic on the role of film in historical research on the Great War. In order to answer this research question, the report starts with literature view. Relevant literature concerning this question will be provided to support the argument. Then different archives are used in search of substantial proof including the First World War poetry digital archive and Europeana. Another major part of this report is the evaluation of the archives used above. Several aspects of these archives are discussed including the introduction, scope, policy, professional support and help, description and arrangement methods, access to archives and potential issues.

2.1 Literature review

Historical research was mostly done in the ‘analogue’ or the non-digital way, including tremendous and laborious analysis of paper documents and databases. Consideration of films as resources used in historical research is rather challenging even though films are generally considered as legitimate source which could be used in historical research (OlafBerg, 2008). Kracauer and Ferro et al have made progress using film as historical research resource during their study of Nazism in German and Russian revolutionary history respectively (Siegfried Kracauer, 1947; Marc Ferro, et al., 1988). More and more historical journals are putting their attention on film reviews and famous historians have started participation in producing historical films (Rosenstone, 1988; Rosenstone, 1995; Rosenstone, 1983; Natalie Zemon Davis; 2000).

2.2 Finding of archives

A few different film archives were used to conduct this research includingEuropeana,First World War Poetry Digital Archive, Great War Archive and Regional film archives. Film as historical research resource is rather a big range and specific topic might suit better, hereafter we center on the role offilm during the Great War.

Films regarding the First World War in Great War Archive covered various areas including the battle destruction (Post battle destruction, 1916; Devastated landscape, 1916), women and war (Women and the war, 1918; Women marching in support of war, 1916), casualty evacuation (Evacuation of the wounded, 1916) and many other aspects (Battle training, 1916; Supplying the guns, 1916). Films tend to present vivid images about particular events and conditions during the war.

Europeana contains large amount of films concerning the Great War that might serve as valuable resource material in historical research. For example, films present air raid practice, procedures in the event of an enemy attack, parade for victory or even Christmas shopping. These critical important materials might give us the illusion that we see or even experience the troubles, fears, happiness of those lives from that certain time.

British universities Film & Video council also covered lots of film material concerning the Great War. Margaret Thatcher on peace in Europe, a speech given by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in 1984. During this speech, she talks about the great losses of lives during the Great War and also the Second World War and addressed the biggest political challenge in Europe is the preservation of peace.

EU Screen also contained collections regarding the World War, such as Movies and Memories: Wartime which is a compilation of archive footage centering on the World War.

3.0 Discussion 讨论

Film is cultural artifact that created by certain culture and considered an important source of entertainment, also a powerful and wonderful medium for educating the public. Historians insist on “acknowledging the contribution to historical insight and understanding that films can provide through their experiential qualities”.

For one thing, film is a very important way of documenting historical events which might play vital role in historical research and can show the future generation what’s happened hundreds of years ago through vivid moving pictures. As Pasquale Savino and Carol Peters stated that when understanding of historical event, filming is quite different from paper documents.

The First World War Poetry Digital Archive contains various film archives about battle. Films of soldiers climbing out of shallow trench (Battle training, 1916), wounded soldier being carried on a stretcher (Evacuation of the wounded, 1916), exhausted men resting (Post battle trauma, 1916). Europeanaalso provides film archives of soldiers digging a trench line (With the British forces for the defence of Salonika, 1916), leisure and entertainment at the front (Leisure and entertainment during the First World War, 1918). All these film archives reflect the battlefield during the Great War which might serve as valuable materials for historical research.

For another thing, film about the Great War serves as a great tool to educate the general public and research for higher education. The film collection of the Great Archive contains The Battle of the Somme, a British documentary film that depicts chariots of war, exhibiting infantry in marching, treating of wounded British and German soldiers. This film was widely distributed in eighteen other countries and quite a famous film showing the First World War.America’s answer to the Huns (Europeana search result) covers the transfer of Americal manpower and materiel across the Atlantic. The film puts constant emphasis on the scale of American industrial might which clearly serves a role to convey hope and confidence to their people.

Furthermore films about the Great War convey complicated information for this and the future generations, such as international peace, and war destructions. Videos and films are ubiquitous, from traffic and military satellite to scientific research, from national television channels to home videos online. Each one is made for certain purposes. Young people tend to try new things out of excitement or provocation, however they have no idea of what they have chosen. All quiet on the western line (Europeana search result) is about young, enthusiastic students going into the battlefield during the First World War. They have na?ve dreams about lives and war until personally experienced the struggle, the pain and destruction of war. The film clearly wants our young generation to cherish the valuable peace nowadays rather than to fight with other countries.

4.0 Conclusion 结论

To sum up, this report aims to discuss the role of film in historical research on the Great War. Film is a powerful wary of documenting things, spreading information and message, educating the general public. Films during the war are vitally important in historical research however the amounts are far less than needed, this is mainly due to the technology limit at the time and another big issue is preservation difficulties. Among the existed film archives, a large part is not available for the general public. A recent film review in UK states that the percentage of material which is accessible to the general public in National and Regional Archives is minor compared to the size of the whole collections. The majority part of the film resources is owned by right-holders.

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