Current situation of Drug Addiction--论文代写范文精选

这是在国家层面上，非政府组织会晤并发表了非常全面的治疗计划。调查的结果表明,美沙酮维持疗法有利于改善遵从性治疗。本研究也在于提高病人治愈率，保持良好的生活质量。下面的essay代写范文进行论述。

Introduction
  Realising that the occurrence of HIV/AIDS among addicts were out of control, the national drug substitution task force was set up to control the problem. Although the suggestion was introduced in 2000, it was only fully implemented in 2005. The objective of this task force was to review the role of drug substitution treatment in order to prevent the spread of HIV, especially among heroin addicts. The success of its implementation was mainly due to concerted efforts made by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, the Universities and nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) who lobbied for it to be implemented quickly (6, 7, 9). The matter was urgently lobbied to ensure minimal bureaucracy or red tape. 

  One of the procedures was a national study on methadone maintenance treatment. The study involved 1200 hard core drug addicts who were given free methadone treatment from selected government and private clinics. While on methadone, the patients were also requested to attend regular counselling session by the national anti-drug task force (AADK). This was the Þ rst arrangement at the national level where doctors, NGOs and AADK ofÞ cers met and delivered a very comprehensive treatment programme for addicts (1, 6, 7). The result of the study showed that methadone maintenance therapy improved compliance to treatment programmes. In many centres, the level of compliance reached 80%. 

  The advantage of this study was not only conÞ ned to improved retention rate but it also offered patients normal functionality and a good quality of life. For example, a case of Mr ZM, a 40-year-old single man who had been involved in drug addiction for 20 years and had undergone many rehabilitation programmes, but still failed to stop taking drugs; he had been through the rehabilitation programme in Pengasih, which claimed to cure many addicts. He visited the centre more than twice to get treatment but was unsuccessful. He only managed to stop taking heroin after he joined the methadone maintenance programme at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) Addiction Clinic. 

  A few months after the programme, he managed to get a job as a clerk and was no longer supporting himself through illegal activities. He also managed to go back to his family and even to contribute his income to their Þ nancial needs; though unfortunately by this time he was tested positive for HIV and hepatitis C. This is not the only story where patients like Mr ZM had to go through ineffective programmes before they came into our centre to get treatment. It is also very unfortunate that many of these patients were already HIV and hepatitis C positive by the time they sought treatment at the Addiction Clinic. The worst horror was when Mr ZM informed the team how he had been sharing needles, which were probably contaminated with this virus, with more than 20 addicts. Imagine how many among them are now potential virus carriers, and how many of them have transmitted the disease to others! If this pattern of transmission continues, there will be a time when Malaysia will share a similar fate with some Western African countries where HIV has almost eradicated their young productive population (6, 7, 9). 

  The experience at the UMMC Addiction Clinic also shows that many of the drug addicts managed to resume their social and family responsibilities. The team highlights another case of Mr R, a 40-year-old man who after chronic involvement with drugs became a burden to his family. He was never employed and his family always sent him to rehabilitation centres each time he went back on drugs. Fortunately one of his family members knew about the methadone maintenance programme, and he was referred for treatment. It only took him six months before he managed to overcome his craving and “cured” himself Þ nally of drugs. Although he is still on treatment, he is now able to manage his family business and no longer steals his parent’s money. The cost of treating heroin addicts using a medical-based approach is also cheaper. 

  For example, patients only need about RM 400 per month if they are undergoing drug substitution therapy. This is in contrast to longterm rehabilitation, which costs about RM3000 per month. If we include the quality of life and other indirect costs like the family burden, the cost of managing drug addicts in rehabilitation will deÞ nitely be much more than the direct costs (6, 7, 9). A major cost will be incurred if they have already contracted hepatitis or AIDS. For example, the cost of treating drug addicts who have hepatitis C is about RM 15,000 per month. Imagine the burden of cost to the addicts if they had contracted the virus. (论文代写)

  Since most of them will not be able to afford to pay, there is a possibility that the cost will be Þ nanced by the government and this may place a Þ nancial burden to the nation. The other advantage of allowing drug addicts to be treated under a drug substitution programme is the opportunity for training (e.g., job-placement training) and counselling (psychological counselling or spiritualbased counselling). During drug substitution treatment, the drug addicts are free from withdrawal or intoxicating effects due to heroin. This is advantageous as it puts them in a better position to participate and concentrate on rehabilitation and training (6, 7, 9).(论文代写)

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