Some Inquiries to Spontaneous Opinions--论文代写范文精选

可以关注其他用户,与其他在线社交服务。用户拥有大量的追随者，广播她的消息。推特更是合成聊天室和网络博客。有四个独特的方式在推特发布信息。下面的paper代写范文进行详述。

Abstract 
  The paper discusses opportunities to utilize the series of micro‐blogs as provided by the Twitter in observation of opinion dynamics. The spontaneity of tweets is more, as the service is attached more to the mobile communications. The extraction of information in the series of tweets is demonstrated as in conceptual map and mention map. From the latter, the social network stylized properties, i.e.: power law distribution is shown. The exemplification of the methodology is on the 82nd commemoration of Indonesian Youth Pledge and the participatory movement of Indonesian capitol city, Jakarta. 
  Keywords: Twitter, social network, social media, text analysis, conceptual map, mention map

  Introduction 
  Blogging, as well as micro‐blogging, is no question to play important roles in the process of modern democracy. The existence of internet social network applications, e.g.: Facebook, MySpace, Friendster and the internet social media e.g.: Twitter, Plurk, whatsoever have shares in shaping of social and political life in countries around the world. The growing size of accounts in Indonesia reflects this. Evans (2010) reported that from a survey of 13 million Twitter accounts, the fifth largest countries in the world using Twitter is Indonesia – holding 2.34% of the sampled twits – after United States, United Kingdom, Brazil, Canada, and Australia.   Twitter is a microblogging service in which users (called tweeps) post their status (called tweets) about anything in 140 characters. 

  One can follow other users to receive their tweets, but uniquely with other online social networking services, the user being followers need not to follow back. Thus, a user with large amount of followers is more likely to “broadcast” her message to all her followers. Twitter is more likely to be the synthesis of chat rooms and web‐blogs, because a user can respond to other user through her tweets. There four unique ways to post messages in Twitter, i.e.: a. A retweet: a user receiving tweet from one she is following and repost it to her own followers. Most of twitter clients sign this kind of posting with the code “RT” and then followed by the account name she is retweet‐ing. 

  An account name can be included in a tweet by the sign “@”. This mechanism is actually the thing give Twitter a strong media for spreading information from persons to persons.   b. A reply: a user can respond a tweet she is receiving from whom she is following. This type, in fact, can be a way that turning Twitter to be a sort of chat service. A reply will be signed with the sign “@” (and followed by the one whose tweet she want to reply) at the very beginning of the posting.   c. A mention: user post a tweet by mentioning other user. In this case, a user included the sign “@” (and followed by the name of account she want to mention) in the middle of the message.   d. A hashtag: user post a tweet begun with the sign “#” and then followed by certain keywords. Other users can search any of the hashtag later on.   

  Twitter becomes widely recognized for its open API (application programming interface) that would eventually makes it easily to be adaptable to wide ranges of devices and operating platforms available in the market. Interestingly, the growing mobile communication services worldwide, and consequently, Indonesian mobile‐phone market, has made Twitter one of favorites in mobile internetworking.  Thus, people are sending (or broadcasting – for one followed by great numbers of tweeps) information just like texting using the short message services (which is also way to post tweets that is also available in some countries without any client software).  

  Thus, in the global perspective, Twitter can be seen as the record of accumulation what are people saying over time. Spontaneity of people using their mobile phone “randomly” looking at their micro‐ lives as well as the global issue. If one day, we might have a tank filled with all the information reflecting what people are having in life, it should have been just like (or be) Twitter.  As reported by the National Public Radio (2010), the Library of Congress of the United States of America is archiving the Twitter.

Cases of Study 
In order to understand how the proposal might be useful to the further information acquisitions textual and micro‐blogging services like Twitter, we will have two cases for further study. The first is a sort of poll initiated by some nationally recognized tweeps. The second, we observe the dynamics activism initiated in Twitter regarding to particular political issue.

  “Poll” with Twitter 
  A very important historical events in Indonesia is the Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda), a declaration made by young Indonesian from many places in the archipelago in a rally for movement against the colonialism by the Dutch East Indies, October 28th 1928. As we know, the diversity of cultural aspects for the large archipelagic geography has made the movement previously to be sporadic, and thus felt to be very ineffective (Kahlin, 1952). The differences of ethnicities, languages, and ideal paradigms for freedom have been very high. Yet, the young people proclaimed the well‐known three ideals: one motherland, one nation and one language. From the historical milestones, the pledge was a breakthrough: a unified recognition of the diversity in Indonesia.  

  In the commemoration of the Youth Pledge, a twitter activist, Fahira Idris**) create a “free association” poll with hashtag #28OktPoll***) asking her thousands of followers what they might think in their actual daily life of the Youth Pledge. More than 4000 tweets are gathered. A question might rise, how can we read their answers and possibly have the summary instantly? The nature of hashtags and mentions in Twitter has made reading tweets not enjoyable. 

  In search for activism for better Indonesian capitol 
  In other occasion, a hashtag #SaveJkt****) was initiated by some social activist in the country. The hashtag was dedicated to the participation of civil society for the betterment ecological and social problems in the city, e.g.: flood during the rainy season, depressing traffic jam, and so on. Thus, this problem is naturally more complicated than our previous case of study.  Twitter activists who come the surface as organization called “savejkt” created this hashtag.   For a period of six days starting from November 21st, 2010 to November 26th, 2010, we archived all public tweets that containing the hash tag #savejkt. There are total of 2466 post from 804 distinct users in this collection. We construct the mention Map of user interaction based on this data and obtain the graph of largest connected component comprise with 818 vertices and 2495 edges (Figure 4). The number of vertices in the graph is more than the number of users that posts the messages. This is because of we count all users that is mentioned on a messages although they never post any messages containing hash tag #savejkt.  

  Concluding Remarks 
  While microblogging has come to the tendency for spontaneous mobile communication, growing wider, and faster micro‐social response, some conjectures for acquisition to extracting and thus grasping more information are in need. Twitter is constituted concepts and mentions to other people in large scalability.   11 When our focus is the message, observing the conceptual map is brought as the mention map, when the emphasis is the people. The textual analysis brought by the conceptual map may reveal some important concepts that cannot be easily seen just by reading the tweets. The concept of centrality measures help to do this.   Twitter as a social media service has unique properties exhibiting interesting stylized facts. Our observation discusses that when the focus is the way users mentioning others, a stylized fact about social network is shown, i.e.: the power law distribution. The observation to the mention map give us the reflection on who is being dominant and has important position as discussions go.(论文代写)

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