Spread of hoax in Social Media--论文代写范文精选

社会网络服务起到了非常重要的作用在我们闲聊的方式。然而,这容易驱动媒体产生谎言,人与人之间信息流动，全球有很多恶作剧的情况。下面的paper代写范文进行讲述。

Abstract 
We discuss the way of hoax spreading as gossip and rumor throughout the social media, i.e.: Twitter, by observing an empirical case in Indonesia. We discuss the spreading factor of the gossip in the social media and see the epidemiology of the propagation hoax before and after the hoax being clarified in the conventional mass media. The discussions brought us to the open enrchiment analysis of the sociology of gossip and rumors within the online services like Twitter for future observation of human behavior.   
Keywords: social media, gossip, rumor, hoax, Twitter

Introduction 
To gossip is human socially. Gossips and rumors have been a sort of “fun” way to exploit the existing asymmetric information in social life. It has been even recognized as an important thing in the sustainability and adaptability in social groups throughout the long run of human evolution [1, 12]. Recent modern life has brought us a great deal places for gossips and rumors in the name of information exchange. The role of social media, micro‐blogging, social network services have played a very important role in the way we gossip. Yet, this customer‐driven media are prone to hoax, lies, as information flows from person to person unstoppably. There have been a lot of cases worldwide how hoaxes spread by riding gossips and rumors throughout social media, the hoax of the death of human rights figure, Nelson Mandela (January, 2011), rock star Mick Jagger (February, 2011), and the martial‐art movie actor, Jackie Chan (March, 2011). In the period of the paper is written, the three world figures are alive in good conditions, yet the rumors on their death have hit the world’s twitter trending topics. Recently, in Indonesia some similar thing has also been occurred*). 

This is the ground on which the discussion of the paper is established upon.   Gossips and rumors spread upon social network within the social interaction and communications. In some cases, the spreading of gossips and rumors could be seen like an “information epidemiology” diffusing like a disease contiguously from people to people and places to places over time [9]. In fact, understanding rumors and gossips could give us more insights on the “herding behavior” in market [10], and even the issue related to social influence [2], beliefs [7], and political extremism [3]. There have been some studies on the spreading of gossips and rumors within social network. Most of them have been focused on the topological landscape in which the gossips and rumors are being smeared [6}. It has been understood that human behavior on gossips and rumors affects the structure of the social network [8]. However, the paper discusses the spreading of gossips and rumors upon Twitter, a wide online micro‐blogging services [4]. 

Twitter as Media for Gossips and Rumors 

As Twitter has unique community structure [11], the way a rumor or gossip spreads through it has also some practical differences with those does mouth to mouth of conventional social network [5]. Since it is an online service, the diffusion of news is interestingly much fasters spatially and chronologically. A gossip about a public figure in Indonesia reached about more than 50,000 readers as tweeted by 59 social actors within many different cities only for about two hours before it has been recognized to be a hoax. In our case of study, someone who does not necessarily have thousands of twitter followers posted a question about whether a public figure has been dead, and within minutes it has become a statement for sympathy and condolences form thousands of people. The showcase has shown that a rumor about a particular public figure does not have to come from other public figures in order to be propagated so vastly in twitter. Definitely, this is a nature why we call Twitter service as social media. 

It is apparent that the numbers of the followers of the issue were raised and by the time the media covered, the numbers of the followers were damped and diminished abruptly. It is also worth to note that we collect the tweets after the information is clear that it was actually a hoax. It seemed that some tweets were deleted by the users after the national media demonstrated that it was really a hoax. It is understandable that some “twitter celebrities” have moral obligation not to get along with a fake news, as to the weighing that the issue was extremely sensitive for it was all about the life of a notable public figure.  

Closing Remarks 
Information technology has given modern people tools for spreading gossips and rumors. Twitter, as a micro‐blogging service is one of the tool effectively spreading news from person to person in the speed that is comparable with the conventional mass media. Our exposure to a hoax that is smeared among Indonesian Twitter users demonstrated this fact. Thus, the future sociology of gossips and rumors will put the online services like Twitter into account for further understanding the way human beings evolve.   Twitter has become a collaborative network of spreading information. The original source (or the “patient zero”) does not necessarily one with huge amount of followers; the collaboration makes the information become huge. The hoax that has become the case of study in the paper has shown to have large population scope in five to six steps of tweeting, and potentially larger exponentially unless a conventional media stopped the spreading of the hoax.  

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