Wrong thoughts of Chinese leaders

这篇文章讲述了中国伟人在新中国成立之后的一些政治改革举措。以及文革对中国经济发展的影响。一些评论家和历史学家认为毛泽东担任中国领导人的时候，一些举措让资产阶级的恢复。所以他建立了运动来清除，整个社会造成广泛的派别斗争。但作为一个新生的社会主义国家，它还未从战争中恢复过来并遭受资本主义国家的巨大压力和封锁。特别是，市民们很想去共产主义社会。这是文化革命的根本原因。在全国范围内进行的，数以百万计的人被杀害，在那些激烈的斗争中，也不得不遭受的屈辱，甚至他们的财产被查封。许多城市青年被迫转移到农村地区。最终，经济停滞，甚至在10年的运动中陷入了停滞期。社会经历了一段漫长的动荡，生活水平没有提高。更糟糕的是，这个国家在共产主义的方向上迷失了方向。

In the 1970s and 1980s, the Cultural Revolution took place in China, which occurred under the objective of preserving pure Communist ideology in the whole society and promote the Maoist thought as the main ideology. And in order to gain a better understand of this movement, I will figure out the causes and consequences of the Cultural Revolution and its impact on Chinese politics and society.

Some critics and historians hold the point of view that Mao’s, the leader of China at that time, disturbance of bourgeois’ restoring capitalism with infiltrating the government and society at large. So he sets up the movement to purge the whole society which resulted in a wide range of factional struggles in the whole society. But as a new-born socialist country, it has not yet recovered from the war and has to suffer the huge pressure and blockade from the capitalist countries. Especially, the citizens were eager to get to the communist society ideally. So this is fundamental reasons for the Cultural Revolution. With carrying out across the whole country, millions of people were killed in those violent struggles, also had to suffered the humiliation in the public and even their property were seizure. And lots of urban youth were forced to transfer to rural regions. Eventually, the economy stalled and even recessed during the 10 years’ movement. The society experienced painfully a long period of turmoil without the improvement of living standard. Worse still, the country got lost in the direction of communism.

In one word, the Cultural Revolution is an immense setback in the history of China. As a new-born socialist country, it is a painful experience for its development. But also it is an important experience on the way of development. There are some reasons from outside and inside. We should not blame it on a particular person. It is a result of the history.

Deng Xiaoping: a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who led China through far-reaching market economic reforms after Mao Zedong’s death from 1978 to 1992. After finishing the Cultural Revolution, he led the process of the Opening Up of China. With his promoting reform in the economic system, market economy was established eventually in spite of its immaturity. In the field of politics, he won the negotiations of the return of Hong Kong and Macau. He led the China hitting the road of prosperity.

Jiang Zemin: viewed as the core of the communist party after Deng Xiaoping and the paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. Under his leadership, China realized substantial economic development, and got Hong Kong and Macau back peacefully. And he also improved the Chinese relations with the outside world. The position of China in the world rose up with his leadership.

Gang of Four: a gong composed of four Chinese officials who came the upper stage of Chinese government during the Cultural Revolution. But they were charged with their tremendous crimes of abusing their power in the government. The gang members included Jiang Qing, the leader of them, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen. They were regarded as the biggest enemy of people and implemented their excesses into the whole society creating the huge societal chaos.

Special economic Zones: special economic zones which are given more freedom in developing their economy. So their economic policies focused on the market, and measures from government were flexible. And they can utilize more attractive and efficient management system in their economy. They could get more chances to do business with foreign than the rest of mainland China. After the Cultural Revolution, China wanted to do some changes in the economic setup and open to the outside world. From 1980 and 1984, five special economic zones were established in China. They played one important role at the beginning of the opening up of China.a

Hu and Wen: Hu Jintao was the new Party General Secretary and Wen Jiabao was Government Premier. They are considered as the fourth generation Chinese leaders. Their leadership focused mainly on the reform in the whole society, which got many praises from outside. Under their leadership, the Chinese economy underwent a glorious period with an average growth rate of almost 10% a year. And China’s influence over the world has grown up quickly. And Hu and Wen led China to a new period of prosperity in history.