Sport

Josh Piddock Psychology for sports performance Group dynamics Group cohesion Group cohesion is made up of 5 stages from how a group of people go from being Individuals to a well working functional team Forming This is when a group of people are brought together to be made into a team who will Have to work together to achieve a common goal for example in college after the trails People are sleeted to join other individuals to become a team. Storming This is when players will be trying to show what they’ve got and try to show off or Stand out to stand then higher up the social ladder board or to help them become more Of a key player for the team, so players can be successful in this stage of cohesion just By being vocal and commanding and even lack maybe the same standard of ability as The rest but be seen as more vital than others down to their leadership qualities witch Can help keep a team pushing in the same direction, for example Roy keane even Thought he was a great player he wasn’t as good as David Beckham or Rio Ferdinand Or Ruud Van Nistelrooy but he were vital to Manchester united success and recognised across the world for his leadership qualities. Norming This stage is where every body is given there place in the team and all the roles for Each player are known for example the players who have played the best will have the Starting places in the football team, the player who has the best leadership qualities Will be given the captaincy for example man city has practically had a new team built In a short space of time so they are Norming especially as their captain Richard Dunne Left to go to villa, so now the manager has to choose a permanent captain kolo toure is inline but it’s reported that Stephen Ireland is also in contention for the armband. Performing This is probably the only stage that is not guaranteed to happen because it is then out Of the managers hands how the players perform on the pitch or work together to Become successful, to be able to get your team performing you will need to get the Players to start thinking as a team and not as individuals, also your going to need good Team chemistry so that they will pull through matches together as a team, to be able to Perform as a team normally requires a main core of the team to have been with each Other for a certain amount of time For example the core of Manchester united is Rio Ferdinand, Nemanja Vidic, Darren Fletcher, Michael Carrick, Wayne Rooney, Dimitar Berbatov, they have been at man U for at least 3 seasons some even more so and this is key to their constant success On the other hand Portsmouth who are selling good players and replacing them with not as good players are struggling because they have not had enough time to storm, Norm and definitely not to perform well as a team there core is Tel ben-haim, Steve Finnan, Boateng, Michael Brown, Tommy Smith, Dindane not Of these players have ever played for Portsmouth before and have never really been Proven premiership starting eleven material. I think this has a lot to do with the face That they haven’t won or drawn in 7 games. Steiner’s models This is Steiner’s theory of the end result of a team’s performance Actual productivity = potential productivity - loses due to faulty processes This means that a teams final finish will depend on what they can achieve together as A team then tacking away that from all the faulty processes witch will happen over the Season e.g. suspensions injuries and illnesses. My team could improve our performance and final position in the league by trying to reduce the chances of faulty processes happening. We could do this by warming up and cooling down properly before and after matches to help reduce the risk of injury also we should encourage healthy living and eating to keep are body’s strong and healthy to minimise the risk of illness. To help cut down on suspensions we should have are own forfeits put in place to players receiving to many yellow cards to try and discourage them from being reckless. The Ringlemann affect This theory is that group performance decreases with group size for example if one Man was to row and it took him 10 minutes to complete his course then if there were 2 People in the boat then they should complete it by 5 minutes but this does not happen And this is what Ringlemann is trying to tell us that just because there maybe 5 More Of you than there was before don’t mean your performance is going to be 5 times Better An example of this in football is when there are 2 defenders trying to take the ball off an attacker it sounds like the odds of the defenders winning the ball would have doubled but this is not the case as it can sometimes be harder to win the ball with a team-mate as it requires good communication from the defenders and also if an attacker plays the ball in between both players they may both go for the same ball and miss it Social loafing This is when individuals drop their effort and performance in a match for many Different reasons e.g. • A belief that your effort won’t make a difference in the result • A perception that others are not trying, so why should they • A belief that others will cover for your lack of effort • Individual effort not being recognised • Lack of reinforcement from others • Low confidence • Perceived low ability • Low arousal/motivation • Poor leadership • Negative attitudes As a team we need to all pull together to help prevent social loafing to help build the team’s chemistry, morale and effectiveness, because there are many different reasons for social loafing there has to be different strategies to tackle the different situations . For example if a player is low on confidence he may need to be spoken to and encouraged and told that what he is capable of doing and what he can achieve if he puts his mind to it. But if a player believes others will cover their workload then he should be told to either put the effort in and do his job or risk coming off as having players not trying can seriously damage team cohesion Factors affecting team cohesion This is a list of things that can break up team cohesion and in some cases ruin a Season • If the individuals in the team don’t share a common goal • If the team individuals don’t get along socially • The amount of failure and if there looks to be no potential success • A negative influence of a leader • Unequal pay • Negative attitudes of team members • If the group is too big or small • If the team hasn’t been together long As a team these factors can have a damaging affect on performances, some of the situations can be sorted out and put right like negative attitudes, you can have a word with the players with the bad attitude and if there is no improvement then you get rid of them for the sake of the team On the other hand, in all walks of life in any team there is going to be different and unequal pay so to stop this would be very difficult Leadership Autocratic style An autocratic style of leadership is about being fully in charge and not letting anyone Else have a say and people following your command, this style of leadership should Be used when working with young, inexperienced, immature people because it stops Them from getting tasks wrong and give them no reason to be doing anything else Other than what you have instructed, also if you are on a tight schedule and you need To get things done in a certain amount of time. When you have a large group and when there is an element of danger in the task Democratic style A democratic style of leadership is about giving the group your working with a voice and a choice to how or what they are going to do together as a team this could be used when working with professional performers because they will be mature and will take training seriously and not use the voice or vote to mess around or slack off , an example of democratic leadership could be when you want to work on shooting but you give the players the choice of what type of shooting and how it could be set out, this type of leadership can raise team morale because they are working as a team to come to a decision rather than being told what to do without any say witch could decrease players enjoyment and performance in training. Consultative style the style focuses on using the skills and experiences, and ideas of others. However, the leader or manager using this style retains the final decision-making power. To his or her credit, they will not make major decisions without first getting the input from those that will be affected. http://weirdblog.wordpress.com/2007/09/04/leadership-styles-dictatorial-authoritative-consultative-participative/ Someone who would use this style would be a community coach who is working with children who are not as talented as those in a club, so the intensity and difficulty does not matter and you can give them a choice of what to do as all that matters is that they enjoy themselves, This style would not really be used by my football coaches as we are all 16-18 year old who need direction, guidance, and discipline so to give us the choice of session could see us choosing something that will be easy and not really develop our footballing skills