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Aggression
2013-11-13 来源: 类别: 更多范文
Aggression
The title of this essay asks a question that cannot be easily or directly answered. One of the reasons for this is that aggression can be looked as measurable, that is, how much an individual would want to hurt another. For example, if an instructor hits a student because he was disruptive in class, and the student's father learns about the incident and later comes to school and punches the instructor, once could conclude that both the teacher and the father showed aggressiveness. However, one could also say that while the instructor was naturally aggressive, the source of the fathers aggression was from frustration, or environmentally caused.
In the eighteenth century, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher, argued that aggression was caused by the society that an individual lived in, which would mean the cause is of an environmental nature, and not innate. However, psychologists like Sigmund Freud and Konrad Lorenz argued the idea that aggressiveness is innate and cannot be avoided by individuals. (David G. Myers, P 385).
In effect, aggression was categorised into two different forms by a psychologist named David Buss in 1961. The first category is angry aggression and the second, instrumental aggression. In the
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