Title_VII_And_Affirmative_Action

Title VII And Affirmative Action Using Establishment Size to Measure the Impact of Title VII and Affirmative Action Focus: -If the development of Title VII and Affirmative Action were effective -Were the federal antidiscrimination effort drew employment of blacks and women into states and industries where establishments were large' -What is the effect of the transition to larger establishments on the relative wages of blacks and women' Background: • Title VII: of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal for employers to discriminate on the basis of race, sex, color, religion, or national origin. • Initially applied to all private sector employers with 25 or more employees, but changed in 1972 and reduced the threshold to 15 employees. 1960s: black men, white women, and mostly BLACK WOMEN were more likely than white men to work in the states and industries w/smallest employers -Larger employers generally employ more skilled workers • Affirmative Action: programs require that fed contractors w/50+ employees maintain AA plans that outline the firm’s goals for employment of minorities and women. • AA is restricted to larger firms Comparisons: • Black Men vs. White Men • Black Women vs. White Women • Racial Differences in Firm Size for Women • White Women vs. White Men Findings: • Impacts of Title VII and AA suggest that the women, employers, establishments, men, white, vii, larger, employees, blacks, title, employment, size, large, firms, black, black, workers, work, threshold, states, smaller, rights, makes, litigation, likely, industries, increases, impact, firm, employee, employ