Suffering

Suffering “We cannot directly experience anyone else's pain, whether that "anyone”is our best friend or a stray dog. Pain is a state of consciousness, a "mental event, ”and as such it can never be observed. Behaviour like writhing, screaming, or drawing one's hand away from the lighted cigarette is not pain itself; nor are the recordings a neurologist might make of activity within the brain observations of pain itself. Pain is something that we feel, and we can only infer that others are feeling it from various external indications . . . ”( Singer, 1990 ). Many environmentalists like Aldo Leopold and Holmes Rolston III criticize as unecological the emphasis those animal liberationists like Peter Singer place on preventing animal suffering. Their argument holds that animal liberationists must regard predation as bad by extending the role of moral consideration to include things that do not feel pain or pleasure. The view that Leopold and Rolston hold maintain that like the natural system of the animal world ( humans and non-human animals ), the eco systems of the land (including soil, plants, and all animals) is highly debatable and should be taken into moral consideration. This paper disputes the latter view by suffering, pain, animal, animals, singer, moral, consideration, being, view, things, rolston, plants, must, capable, because, system, suffer, interest, human, experience, even, argument, whether, significant, ought, nervous, nature, natural, much, means, make, little, life, interests, feel