A Visit to Asian Art Museum of San Francisco

各位留学生大家好！今天100Due教员组给大家分享的是一篇艺术史essay代写范文，主要内容是讲：参观旧金山亚洲艺术博物馆是神奇的，令人愉快的。博物馆是一座三层楼高的建筑，有40000平方英尺的展览空间。地址是拉金街200号。在亚洲艺术博物馆，有拉贾斯坦邦宫殿的微缩画、日本著名漫画家手冢的卡通画以及中国明代的青瓷花瓶等珍贵藏品。亚洲艺术博物馆可以带给我魔法的力量。在我看来，在数千年的历史中，我将能够在一个下午环游半个世界。

The visit to Asian Art Museum of San Francisco is magical and delightful. The museum is a three-story building with 40,000 square feet of exhibition space. The address is 200 Larkin St. In the Asian Art Museum, there are precious collections such as miniature from Rajasthan palace and cartoon carved by the famous Japanese cartoonist Osamu Tezuka's, as well as China's Ming Dynasty celadon vases. Asian Art Museum can bring me to the power of magic. It seems to me that I will be able to make a travel halfway around the world in one afternoon through thousands of years of history. 

In addition to its excellent exhibits, the ticket is not very expensive as $ 12. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco is free to the public in the first Sunday of each month, so if people want free tickets, then they are proposed to go early. There is also an official website for it. Before I visit it, it is very convenient to look for information on the Website: www. Asian art. Org. On the website, I learn about that Asian Art Museum of San Francisco is a museum full of collection of Asian artifacts, and its main collection is Chinese cultural relics. Its opening hours are from 10:00 to 17:00 and closed on Mondays. In addition, the museum's collection is in the form of continuous display. It provides telephone 415-581-3500. And the traffic is very convenient and I can take the J, K, L, M, N, F line subway.

The museum was officially opened in 1966. It is actually a celebration of International Art Symposium. There are more than 250 scholars from around the world, collectors and art merchants to participate. Before 1959, the only collection is known as Chinese art, including ancient bronzes, porcelain, and jade carving. After 1959, it increased collections of Korea, Japan, India and Southeast Asian countries and also increased the Chinese painting and calligraphy. The visit of the museum starts from Southeast Asia Island, advancing a little bit to inland areas of Asia. One of the most exciting parts is the China Pavilion, such as Dragon block from Spring and Autumn Period, and the jade of the He family -- a priceless gem from Warring States Period. There are worship and daily jade since the Western Han dynasties and older bronze tripod Jazz. The numbers are so large and make me feel a little more dizzying.

Within Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, there are a very small number of exhibits that are not allowed to take pictures, and these exhibits are marked with a special mark. Exhibits which are not marked specially are all allowed to take pictures. In the museum, I found the interpretation is rather detailed and orderly. For example, there is a lot of wood works on exhibit of the modern Japanese artists Okura Jiro. His main works are wall hanging and vessels made by black walnut and camphor tree. On the top of this interpretation card, there are Chinese names and years of production of exhibits given that the main audience of Asian Art Museum of San Francisco may be visitors from the Asian countries. The interpretation in English is listed below it giving a little detailed information of the source of exhibits. In the case of MU, 1990, the interpretation shows that those exhibits are given as a gift by Okura Jiro and there is detailed description of the creating place, background and process of Okura Jiro. 

There are four main pavilions: Chinese Pavilion, Korean Pavilion, Japanese Pavilion and Indian Pavilion. The exhibits of Japan Pavilion have significantly increased in the museum after the opening. Now there are about 1600 items. I visited bronze ware such as circular mirror and bronze mirror of 3th century and pottery, ceramics and porcelain of 11^th to 20^th century. However, I still felt that the pottery, ceramics and porcelain appeal most to me. Thus, I will mainly give an account of my visit of pottery, ceramics and porcelain exhibits.

Entering the Japan Pavilion, I can see a very elegant tea house named “ Muchu an” as Japanese tea ceremony is a natural pursuit of easy, simple, and elegant atmosphere. It is made mainly of bamboo, wood, plaster and paper. The design of tea room is under the influence of the Zen idea, which tried to create an atmosphere of stillness and insight in general. In the non-decorated tea room, there are two things allowed: simple flower arrangement and Zen tea ware hanging on the wall. I imagined that when I bend down, and I got into the tea room, I looked up at the empty space where I saw the flower, and a little sunshine, sprinkled petals next to a simple Chan Yu calligraphy. This is an excellent scene full of Zen. This is a need to explain the feelings of Zen. The tea houses are usually divided into two parts as inner and outer tea court. There is line between the inner and outer tea court. This line has been given a profound meaning; this is boundary for people from one world into another world. At the same time the door is also charged with the function in particular to cut off from secular world in an instant as the guests walked through these boundaries. It is to clean itself from worldly distractions brought, while purifying the soul. The so-called door is a kind of limit. It is with this limit that it will produce an impression from one world into another world. By passing through this door, it means entering another world. The Japanese tea room is built out of bamboo and wood. Japanese tea room is not big, but it's not cheap. The cost of a first-class tearoom requires even more than one ordinary residence. Materials and processes used in a tea room are extremely delicate; every detail has been carefully considered; each configuration is imaginative. Another thing I noticed about the tea room is that it is extremely small. In such a small tea room, the space is already less than the space and distance that humans can psychologically tolerate and feel comfortable. The hosts and guests can only deal each other with candor, and you can not hide. Because of this, everything must be dealt in proper and perfect manners. Thus, the design and building of tea room is not so much about tea, but about the self-cultivation.

During all those Japanese items, Japanese tea ceremony is one of the most excellent forms of Japanese arts. Japanese tea ceremony began in China but also have its unique feature, and it is a special form of culture. It is the Zen Nippon that later gave birth to a unique aesthetic value. Japanese tea ceremony is developed from everyday life based on the activities of daily living. It is a melting furnace of religion, philosophy, ethics and aesthetics and has become a comprehensive arts and cultural activities. It is not just material things, but also ceremony learning, which can edify, and cultivate people's aesthetic and moral values.

Speaking of the Japanese tea ceremony, what is inseparable from the tea ceremony is tea wares. The appliances as large as furnishings rack, stove, and as small as tea spoons, glasses can all be called tea wares, but tea wares often specifically refers to tea bowls, teapots, and tea spoon. Tea wares are both ornamental and useful appliances. Utensils can be divided into public, which could be used by all the people on the scene and special ones intended for individual use. According to another division, tea ware of Japanese tea ceremony is broadly divided into two categories: one is dedicated to strong tea; one is dedicated to green tea. Both can be divided into many shapes such as the square dsih with bird design and the tea leaf storage jar of Bizen ware. It is one of the most expressive carriers of the tea ceremony. It not only stresses the adaptability to the different season, but also the arrangement of teahouse to help create a harmonious atmosphere. The variety of types of tea is made of porcelain, stone, lacquer, iron, copper, pottery, wood, bamboo. For example, the large dish with plant design, also one of so-called E-shino ware and bizen ware are both exhibits made out of stone. It is originated from Japan Tengen years of four hundred years ago. Shino were asking potters to make tea ware, which producing Japan's first white pottery ── " E-shino ". In General view, Shino has the qualities of the jade stones, and it has concisely glaze, minimalist natural texture rough adobe reckless, and simple and unadorned iron painting style. The potters left behind their fingerprints, fire marks, wormholes on the E-shino ware. The aesthetic charm, and life experiences of potters, is also involved in Shino pottery.

What I liked most is the Bizen ware. Its feature is not glazed, and does not have color painting. It relies entirely on the flame and techniques to make porcelain, and each piece is different. The family of master porcelain from the 15th century began to make Bizen-fired porcelain, and passed it through several generations ever since. The producing place of Bizen is one of the six ancient kilns in Japan. It has more than a thousand years of history, and in six of the kiln, is also the oldest. Another main place of tea utensils producing place is Seto where bottle with incised decoration is produced, a ceramic industrial city central and southern Honshu. It belongs to Aichi regions. In English "China" is porcelain, and in Japanese as "Seto wares" refers to porcelain. Seto kiln is the first kiln of Japan's six major kilns, and is known as the birthplace of Japanese pottery. Sales of porcelain store were the Japanese called "Seto house." Seto kiln began to imitate Chinese Qing porcelain of Yue kiln. At that time a large number of Chinese Song dynasty celadon enter Japan, but Japan failed to meet the aristocratic luxury consumption of Chinese porcelain, while China's tea party, tea bucket spread eastward, and makes black glaze tea produced in China Fujian kilns favored by the Japanese upper class. This greatly promoted the development of ancient Seto pottery industry. "Seto ware" features very rich ceramic glaze color, and its representative varieties are “yellow Seto," "Shino" such as large dish with plant design, "Oribe" such as square dish with bird design and so on. Their manufacturing history is hundreds of years old. "Seto wares" owes a lot to high-quality local clay, and in addition, the potter's art is quite superb.

The highest value of all the tea in most varieties and the most elegant undoubtedly is tea cup. Usually it is ceramic bowl, but there are stone products. In a sense, the bowl can be regarded as synonymous with the entire class of tea. It is designed and produced during Warring States Period by Rikyu. The famous potter Chojiro’s production of  Black raku square tea bowl, known as "Kaburo"  and can be regarded at the time in Japan as top works of tea cup (Britannica.com, 2016). I also found the famous wabicha. The tea ceremony is developed by Zen master monks in the 14th century and then adopted by wealthy aristocrats. They have built elaborate tea room, and they use Chinese imports as luxury tea wares. However, in the 16th century, tea master Rikyu presents a new way of tea ceremony, so that it can be carried out in a small tea house, and the tea is made of local artisans. Rikyu tea ceremony has conquered the less well-off people and become famous tea ceremony.

In addition, I also discovered from the interpretation that most of the tea utensils on display are made in Mino regions. Mino area (now Gifu Prefecture) is rich in the tea utensils because they have a wealth of ceramic materials - clay, so since ancient times they began to produce porcelain. According to legend, in the 7th century, it had built a local ceramic kiln. Later, the local porcelain continues to grow and develop, and now it is a rare giant ceramic production in the world. Now Japanese Mino made ceramic tableware production accounts for over 60% of the national market.

In addition to the using of clay ware for tea ceremony, Japanese stoneware or ceramics and lacquer, especially of Jomon period is significant as direct evidence of the history. Japan's first pottery started in the Jomon period. They are believed to be oldest, dating as early as the 11th century BCE and are discovered by a large number and remain similar in a large area. This suggests stable economy and trade between each other.  

The ceramics also showed the economic status and life of people, and trade of that time. For instance, food serving dish with plant and half wheel design is a food containers of usually simple food like miso produced in Mino region and is placed opposite the food containers during the Momoyama period. It is also decorated with plant-shaped burn. And the large bowl with millet and sparrow design, made in Karatsu, is also full of millet and sparrow decorations. It is necessary to talk in detail about Karatsu. It means the leading port to the Tang dynasty. As the name suggests in Japanese, it has seen since ancient times the trade business of China and North Korea in Hong Kong. This reminds me of the trade between China and Japan in ceramics again. In general，the earliest exhibits of tea wares and cuisine wares of 16^th century to 17^th century are most stoneware. With the time advancing, Japanese porcelain is gaining more and more popularity. Stoneware is the roughest pottery; ceramic is a little more clear, and porcelain is the finest. And according to the interpretation, porcelain is the symbol of purity compared to stoneware. The development of Japanese porcelain firstly owe to the desire for Chinese and Korean ceramics, trying to imitate them. And the Japanese strive to create Japanese ceramics rivalling with Chinese and Korean ceramics, which has become Japanese potters’ goal through generations. The development of Japanese porcelain is associated with a powerful figure Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the Momoyama when he invaded Korea. This history is called "Ceramic war." This unjust war between the Korean people and Japanese people has brought about disaster and failure. But when the Japanese army retreated, they kidnapped Korean potters to Japan, leading to the unprecedented development of ceramics of Japan. Coupled with the prevalence of the Japanese tea ceremony, it has led prosperity of Seto kiln, Mino kiln, Bizen kiln, and Shigaraki kiln and so on. Among all the potters, Ri Sampi has made outstanding contributions to the development of Japanese ceramics. Ri Sampi leading other potters found clay nearby mountains and was the first who produced Japanese porcelain in 1605 or so. And later it evolved into many varieties of white porcelain, celadon, underglazed red porcelain. Japanese porcelain has colorful painting, and is boldly conceived, giving people a new feeling. Good taste of porcelain makes the Japanese ceramic more famous. In the Edo era of peace, instead of the pottery, lacquer, and metal containers, porcelain become a mutual gift between the upper class, and later necessities of people's daily life. The United States gradually began to feel the need of pottery. When the social turmoil of the Chinese Ming and Qing dynasty happened, Imari porcelain has replaced Chinese porcelain to sell in Europe to become a major commodity, and to promote understanding of the West of the Oriental Art. The exhibit during Edo era is jar with lid found in Arita region. Arita region, now Saga Prefecture is the place where clay mine was found; porcelain was successfully fired, and Japan's first production of porcelain began. This kind of porcelain was immediately welcomed by Japanese, and people called this porcelain as Arita ware. Arita region is known as Jingde Town of Japan. Now, there are many traditional porcelain production shops.

This visit makes me know more about the beauty of pottery and porcelain and the culture behind it. During this visit, I found that pottery has a simple and natural inner beauty and need to be tasted in a slowly way, while the beauty of porcelain is quiet obvious. I also found that pottery gives people the mysterious joy; porcelain with its hard metal-like texture and clear blue and white or multicolored patterns make its beauty felt directly, and people can directly feel a visually gorgeous and beautiful world. 

I was also amazed at the Japanese’s respect of tradition. Although Japan is an economic power now, and the modern standard of living is high, the use of lacquer and porcelain as daily necessities not only has not changed much, but also the Japanese cherish and protect traditional lacquer ware place in modern life. Since the Nara era, their life and culture has not been changed a lot. In addition, I was also respecting the division method of the Japanese. The uses and division of ceramics is meticulously clear. They not only have a special soup, vegetables, rice, fish containing utensils, for example, large bowl with millet and sparrow design has different function with food serving dish with plant and half wheel. The use of different instruments to cater for different foods in a variety of customs and festivals, such as during the Dragon Boat Festival, eating dumplings is necessary to use a specific set of cutlery. I learned from the interpretation that the number of each family using lacquer is very impressive. Japan's average household’s use of only the lacquer tray are no less than 10, plus a variety of paint bowls, paint cups, etc.  

To sum up, the museum has a collection of over 10,000 items of art from China, Japan, Korea, Indonesia and other Asian countries and regions, including jade, bronzes, porcelain, paintings, tapestries, gold and silver, ivory, etc. It can be described as the best places in the United States to see Asia art collections.

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