Utilitarianism and universal values

人们每天都会做出各种各样的决定，但他们并没有充分考虑这些决定背后的机制。事实上，道德大多是无意识的，让人们对自己的决定感觉良好。在这份报告中，我将对我的在线道德测试结果进行总结和批判性分析。在讨论中也会介绍课本中的相关概念。根据结果和分析，功利主义和普世价值是我根据问题的严重性采取的两种道德规范。

Summary and result analysis

According to the test results, my moral frugality score is 50%. The score of moral frugality is an indicator of the flexibility of one's moral values. The average score of people taking the exam is 61%, while my 50% shows that I am morally flexible by 11%. In other words, I see the situation of the case as part of the moral equation more often than others. In analysis 2, the calculation process of moral frugality score is introduced. The scores are divided into four categories: geographical distance, family relationship, action and inaction, and scale. Average the scores of these four categories to get the final score of moral frugality. However, my personal score was not provided for each category, and my average score was compared with the category average in analysis 2. This leads to serious inaccuracies in the results. My personal category score cannot be reflected from the 50% average, which means that the analysis provided in part II may be completely meaningless.

Relevant ethical theories

Link the concepts in Chapter 1 to your analysis.

All moral evaluation revolves around a concept, morality. Basically, morality is about how people live and how to prove that their behavior is right or wrong according to their own standards (page 4). A person's morality is usually closely related to and influenced by culture. Different cultures have different views on friends, families, nationalities, religions and schools, which will affect people's moral values and judgments. There are three major categories of ethical values, namely virtue ethics, utilitarianism and universal ethics (page 6). Virtue ethics refers to the goal that people want to achieve in life, or the ideal person they want to be. Then, the goal serves as a guideline for moral judgment. However, there is often a dislocation between social norms and these rigid goals, resulting in more moral problems. Different from virtue ethics, utilitarianism always seeks to achieve the most ideal results, no matter how they are achieved. This may involve quantifying human life in order to choose between alternatives. Finally, universal ethics holds that no matter what the environment is, a behavior should be judged entirely by itself. This may be the opposite of utilitarianism. It is not surprising that Kant put forward universal ethics.

Application of ethical theory

Moral dilemmas are moral problems that have no recognized solution (P. 9). Different people may have completely different views on the same moral dilemma, but no one is completely wrong or immoral. Therefore, moral dilemma is an effective way to determine one's moral values. The test provides many different situations, in which any decision may lead to damage to human life. From my experience in testing, I realized that my moral values put more emphasis on abiding by universal morality. This means that I tend to judge behavior based on the behavior itself rather than the consequences. Everyone and every action has a responsibility and purpose. As long as these goals are achieved, my moral values will be met on the whole. For example, there is a case of "killing one innocent person and saving ten innocent people". In my opinion, killing an innocent person is immoral under any circumstances. Even the fact that ten other lives were saved was not enough to justify such action. If the number "ten" is changed to one million, my answer will remain the same. In another case provided, I believe that if my brother commits a serious crime, I myself have no moral obligation to turn him in. Although this matter is relevant, my answer is only based on the fact that I am not responsible for his crimes or for justice.

I believe that when it comes to human life, the theory of universal ethics can best represent me. The killing was so extreme that it was black and white to me. However, in real life, the situation is usually in a gray area, and an action may not have such dramatic moral characteristics. Therefore, the theory of universal ethics is not always my true representative. I believe utilitarianism is the ethical value most relevant to daily life and business. Utilitarianism provides the most people with the maximization of happiness or interests. This motivation becomes more important than ever to be a moral example. Therefore, I think I am a mixture of universal values and utilitarianism. When decisions are more causal and business relevant, I tend to be utilitarian. When decisions are critical and involve major issues such as human life, I pay more attention to universal ethics.

In summary, the scenarios in the test provide a range of different severity. Based on my decision in this regard, I prefer utilitarianism when it comes to money related issues or business issues. However, as the problem becomes more and more serious, universal values become more important to me. This is consistent with the slightly higher moral flexibility of the 50% score. On the whole, I am happy with this result, because the flexibility and combination of morality and utility seem to be the best moral framework for me. However, I hope the results of analysis 2 can be more accurate to my personal score rather than the average.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创优秀代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写、论文代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的论文代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多代写范文提供论文代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。