下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文 --The Interflow of Buddhist Culture Between China and Japan During the Sui-Tang Dynasty，文章讲述摘要中日佛教文化交流是隋唐时期中日文化交流的重要组成部分。在文化交流手段方面，有日本当局派来的使节、应邀到日本传教的僧侣和其他自愿的传播者。隋唐佛教文化的交流构成了中日文化之间的一种良性互动关系。对佛教体系的完善和发展也起到了重要的推动作用。

 The exchanges of Buddhist culture between China and Japan plays an important part in China-Japan cultural exchanges during the Sui-Tang dynasty period. When comes to the means of cultural exchanges, there were envoys sent by the Japanese authority and monks who were invited to preach in Japan and other voluntary propagators. The exchanges of Buddhist culture in Sui-Tang dynasty makes up a relation of beneficent inter action between China-Japan culture. It also plays an important role in promoting the improvement and development of Buddhism system.

  Sui-Tang dynasty was the most powerful empire in ancient East Asia and Japan was a small country which was deeply in need of studying advanced culture and systems. And people was a very important carrier in the cultural exchange activities. The rulers of both countries played an active role in the promotion, such as Emperor Wen of Sui Reign ended and Japanese Prince Shotoku. In addition, people who traveled between China and Japan also made a great contribution to the exchanges of Buddhist culture, including the Monk Jianzhen who went abroad to Japan, and Kūkai and Saicho who traveled to China for Buddhist doctrine. Since culture exchange is bidirectional, Chinese Buddhism and Japanese Buddhism have influenced each other in the history.

  The political and cultural background of Sui-Tang dynasty offered a favorable environment for Buddhist culture exchanges. With the development in the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), Chinese Buddhism attained the prime in Sui-Tang dynasty. The reason why Buddhism got so rapid development was closely related to the history background and ruling class. Japan had not entered the Feudal Society and was backward in politics, economy and culture at the same period. The rulers began to use Buddhist doctrines like karma and “The soul never dies” to cement his place after the Iwai Rebellion, following Sui-Tang dynasty. However, Japan’s base of aggression in Korean peninsula had been occupied by Silla(De Bary, William Theodore, 2008), while the emperor of Sui dynasty also wanted for chances to take it. After losing two battles, the Japanese government decided to work with Sui so as to invade the peninsula. Then Japan sent envoys to China to study Chinese culture, especially Buddhist culture. The true essence of Buddhism was so difficult to understand that many Japanese monks stayed years in China to study(De Bary, William Theodore, 2008). The Japanese were so amazed at Chinese culture that there initiated a camping for learning from China.  

  When Emperor Wen of Sui came into office, he changed the policy of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou and took Buddhism as one of the guideline to consolidate the new-born political power. He gave orders to repair the deserted temples, allowed people to become a monk and gathered money for the construction of the Buddha, and asked officials to copy the scriptures. Then the common people followed it. Emperor Gaozong and Taizong of Tang made great contribution to  the prosperous economy, flourishing culture and enlightened freedom in Tang dynasty. Many Japanese overseas students stayed more than ten years in China. That rulers in Tang dynasty giving preferential treatment to these students had close relation with Buddhism. Also, to unify the nation’s belief, the Japanese ruler Shoto Kutaishi hoped to attract clans that worshiped various god so as to  practice unified power. He, following Emperor Wen of Sui, gave orders to build temples, send out an imperial decree to study Buddhism, even preached the Buddhist culture and sent envoys to China. The Buddhism was transmitted to Japan with Korea as an intermediary which was in the middle of these two countries(Marco Polo, 1958), but what Shoto Kutaishi did helped the Japanese study Buddhism directly. Even after his death, the next ruler followed what he did---carried on Taika Reform in politics, economy and culture modeling after Tang dynasty. The central figures who promoted this campaign were monks who had studied Buddhism in China. Thus, studying Buddhism entered a new stage.

  Buddhism was a very important bridge for the cultural communication between China and Japan. Attracted by the popularity of Buddhism, the Japanese monks crossed the East Sea to study. With the improvement of navigational skills, not only the envoys but the businessmen traveled to China for further study. In addition, they introduced China’s philosophy, history, art and medicine back to Japan. The Japanese were shocked by the Buddhist building of Sui-Tang dynasty and were curious about China.

  The original religious belief of both countries was a hotbed of the communication and popularity of Buddhism. The Chinese were crazy about celestial being when Buddhism was introduced to China. The whole country believed in witchcraft and prophesy. Daoism in  Western Han Dynasty also played an important role in the solidify of Buddhism in China. The religious belief that Japan owned before the introduction of Buddhism were myths and legends about nature worship and ancestor, which could protect their descendants. Similarly, Buddhism also advocated earthly invocation and stated that the Buddha, the existent in the earth and the spirit world, would protect the country and its people. Thus, the original religion in Japan played a role in the development of Buddhism in Japan as China.

  During the exchanges of the Buddhist culture between these two countries, the rulers and monks contributed most to the communication. Rulers like Emperor Wen of Sui and Shoto Kutaishi , Monk Jianzhen and Saicho all promoted the development of Buddhism in both countries. What the Buddhist advocated was in line with the governors’ hoping people to submit themselves to the rule(De Bary, William Theodore, 2008). If a religion or a belief accords with the interest of the county, or the governor, it is likely that it can quickly develop and find its place in that country.

After Chinese Buddhism spreading east towards the Japan, it extremely influenced Japanese policy and culture. Clergies also paved roads and builds bridges themselves. Additional, Buddhism clean people’s spiritual.

  For the political part, firstly, Japanese imperial authority has got strengthened. From the beginning, Japanese Buddhism has had directly relationship with Japanese policy, even became the dependency of political struggles. When the Buddhism spread into Japan, policy finally made sure to promote the Buddhism via a series of fierce political struggles. The Soga Clan who won these struggles built their political status through receipting the Buddhism and setting up the faith. Then the Soga Clan carried on reforms to strengthen the centralization. Chinese Buddhism was remade by Chinese clergies of Tang Dynasty, it became a new kind of Buddhism which maxed some thought of Confucianism. This new Buddhism promoted thought of loyalty, loving of motherland, and imperial power was granted. Since that, it play an important role in enhancing the imperial power. Secondly, the Buddhism made Japanese political system more complete. Japanese Buddhism became real “Japanese Buddhism” after getting support by Japanese regime forces. Japanese clergies had much passions for purchasing and subordinating political power. Superstratum clergies pursuing the power resulted in abnormal clergy bureaucracy. It was 25 years later since the Shoto Kutaishi died, the Taika Reform push the reformation of Japan political systems, which inmated the Tang Dynasty to set up centralization.

For the cultural part, firstly, Buddhism communication between China and Japan bring a boom in architecture, art, literature, and music. The appear of the Buddhism led ancient Japanese, who could only made “simple yayoi pottery” and painted “coarse ancient tomb murals”, began to learn real painting and engraving skills which developed in China for a long age. Buddhism was gradually becoming the symbol of civilization in Japan. Japanese people loving that such a brilliant art, building temples and making figures of Buddha becoming the region of creating arts and the basic reason of rapid developing of culture. Secondly, Buddhism communication in Sui-Tang dynasty accelerated developing of Japanese Buddhism. In that period of time, amounts of Japanese clergies went to China to learn Buddhist principles. During their study, they study very hard so that they gain a lots of religious faith and reform the profound base. After they went back to Japan, they max the Buddhism and traditional Japanese culture together, then established Japanese Buddhist sects. There were totally six Buddhist sects: the Three Treatises School, the Satyasiddhi school, the Hosso-shu school, the Kusha-shū school, the the Hua-yen school, and the Ritsu school, which was historical called “Six cases of Nara” or “Six cases of southern”. These six schools are closely related to the China-Japan communication of Buddhism, even they could be regard as the quintessence of Buddhism communication. Thirdly, the Buddhism communication between china and Japan completed Japanese Buddhist principles for a forward step. Take the Buddhist religious discipline for example, before the Monk Jianzhen’s voyages to Japan , Japanese Buddhist religious discipline was extreme unsound, which led to internal management of clergies mass. After the Monk Jianzhen’s voyages to Japan, he built precept platform in front of the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji temple in the city of Nara under the support of the emperor of Japan. After that, he continued to building a precept platform in the Yakushi-ji temple and the Goddess of Mercy temple, which were called “The world three big precept platform” together with the one in the Todai-ji temple. According to these three great precept platform, Monk Jianzhen actively promoted Buddhist principles, he rectified the order of Japanese monks, and build complicated system to manage monks. Japanese Buddhism developed into a new age.

All the cultural exchange is bidirectional by and large, so is the Buddhism communication between China and Japan in Sui-Tang dynasty. It is narrow if we just discuss how Chinese Buddhism influenced Japanese Buddhism, the affect of Japanese monks in Chinese Buddhist culture cannot be ignored. For one part, in the period of Sui-Tang dynasty, amounts of Japanese monks travel to China, they bring the recently developing situation of Japanese Buddhism, which pushed the promotion of Chinese Buddhism. The 7th year of Dali period in Tang Dynasty, Japanese monk Jieming crossed the ocean coming to Yangzhou with other sevens monks, bring some precious Buddhist scriptures such as Method HuaYi hydrophobic. Chinese Buddhist scripture has been destroyed a lot because of the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution. Those Buddhist scriptures, which Japanese monks brought, was very important to the development of Chinese Buddhism. For another part, Japanese monks’ works provided new theoretical basis for Chinese Buddhism.

Buddhist Culture Between China and Japan During the Sui-Tang Dynasty is one of the most important part in both Chinese and Japanese history. It can be got three conclusions. Firstly, China and Japan began the Buddhism cultural communication because of international environment and states of the two countries. There was a new age coming of both Chinese and Japanese Buddhism. Secondly, Chinese and Japanese ruling classes played an significant role in the Buddhism cultural communication, they were the vital medium of the Buddhism cultural communication in the period time of Sui-Tang dynasty, creating the boom in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism cultural history. Thirdly, the cultural exchange is bidirectional by and large, at that time, although the main performance of cultural exchange is from Chinese to Japan, it can’t be ignored that Japanese Buddhism influenced Chinese. The Buddhism is the one of the greatest religion around the world, it accumulated profound thoughts through a long history. It almost spreads in the whole world and influence billions of different people, especially in the Asia area. Before the Buddhism spread into China, Chinese people had already built their own traditional  ideological system, so the Buddhism influenced China comprehensive but not radically. While the Buddhism led the Taika Reform in Japan, and made Japan developed into a “Laws of the state”, so it comprehensively and radically influenced Japanese culture. Even we could say that as long as we know how differently the Buddhism affect China and Japan, we could learn the basic reason of the different development between China and Japan.  

Reference

  De Bary, William Theodore. Source of Asian Tradition. Vol.1, New York: Columbia University Press, p248. 2008

 Marco Polo (Author), Ronald Latham (Translator). The Travels of Marco Polo. Penguin Classics; Reissue edition, 1958

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创优秀代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有essay代写、assignment代写、paper代写、作业代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的作业代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多代写范文提供作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。