Japan's view of international order in modern times

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Japan's view of international order in modern times，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了近代日本的国际秩序观。国际秩序，指的是国际各国家依据自身的行为力量形成的格局或布局，追求的是各国家基本、主要的目标。近代日本的国际秩序观，是日本在步入近代之后国家的政治倾向。近代日本的国际秩序观就是试图改变东亚传统的“华夷秩序”，实现“脱亚入欧”的同时，在东亚取代中国的地位，确立以日本为中心的国际秩序的政治取向。

In international politics, order refers to the "international agents interact with each other in a certain historical period, and on the basis of common interests, common expectations according to certain rules to form relatively peaceful, stable, orderly state of international relations" in general, international order refers to the act of different countries based on their own strength formation of the structure or layout, after is the basic and main goal.

The view of international order of modern Japan is the political tendency of Japan after entering modern times. Before modern times, east Asia was under the "sino-foreign order" centering on China, and Japan was in a relatively independent position in the political field without forming vassal relations with China. In 1853, Japan was forced to open its door to the outside world. After entering modern times, Japan gained a corresponding economic foundation through reform and increased its national strength. Therefore, it made corresponding efforts to break the traditional concept of "sino-foreign order". In general, Japan's view of international order in modern times is to try to change the traditional "sino-foreign order" in east Asia, to realize "leaving Asia for Europe" and at the same time to replace China in east Asia and establish the political orientation of the international order centered on Japan.

Japan is a country with a strong religious belief. Shinto is the native religion of Japan. The Japanese believe that the emperor is the descendant of amitabha in the Shinto religion, so they have a strong idea of "huangization". A famous historian in the edo period of Japan, sensei honju, said, "the imperial imperial kingdom is the birth of the god amzhao. The reason why she is superior to all other countries is that all countries rely on the god of amzhao for his kindness and virtues. "It is under the influence of the" shenguo "thought in Shinto religion that the Japanese nation has an innate sense of racial superiority. During Meiji restoration, the Japanese government paid special attention to the spread of Shinto in Japan and regarded it as the national religion of Japan. Japan attempted to colonize and expand other countries in east Asia under the suzerainty name of "the cause of all nations" in order to establish an integrated international order in east Asia under Japanese rule.

The core spirit of Shinto is "loyalty", which is best reflected in the samurai group in Japan. Japanese militarism can be traced back to the original samurai group, which was developed later by the "militia" protecting the manor during the formation of Japanese manorial system. Influenced by Shinto, the samurai were responsible for their masters, and the group maintained a strict and orderly system. They are so good at fighting that they can give their lives for their masters at any time. "In the Meiji, taisho and showa times, the Japanese government advocated bushido spirit and carried out extensive war education out of the need of national policy". "At the outbreak of the sino-japanese war of 1894-1895, it was further declared to the public that bushido was the national spirit of China since ancient times". It is this firm loyalty and the Japanese government with the help of the expansion of the national ideology to lay a good foundation for the Japanese army. Under the influence of bushido, the Japanese army became more united and good at fighting, which provided a guarantee for Japan's future invasion of China and Korea as well as other countries in east Asia.

In 1853, American admiral perry led the fleet into edo and forced the tokugawa shogunate to carry out foreign trade with it. After the tokugawa shogunate was forced to sign the kanagawa treaty with Japan and the United States in 1854, Japan opened its door and the policy of "locking up the country" was lifted. Then Japan became the target of western aggression and a series of unequal treaties followed. In the face of aggression, Japan began to reverse the movement, after the successful reverse, the reformists reform. Learn from western political and economic systems. Japan built a new army by learning from the strong ships and cannons of the west and implemented a militaristic policy at home. Japan successfully became the first country in modern east Asia to take the lead in entering the capitalist society.

Meiji restoration made Japan a successful transition to a modern society and strengthened the confidence of the whole nation. Japan wants to put itself in the ranks of western countries and separate itself from Asian countries. At the same time, the Japanese government put forward the idea of "expropriating Korea", which was the idea of seeking hegemony in Asia. Since then, Japan's idea of external expansion began to be implemented in Asia.

In ancient times, the Korean peninsula formed The Three Kingdoms of koguryo, silla and paikche. At that time, paikche was constantly threatened by koguryo and silla. Therefore, paikche wanted to fight against silla together with Japanese forces. The idea also plays to Japan's desire to establish itself politically on the Korean peninsula. In 663, goguryeo on the Korean peninsula fought against silla with the paikche Allies, and silla appealed to the Chinese tang for help. This was the first time that Japan confronted the tang dynasty head-on, which was a disastrous defeat. According to the biography of liu rengang in the new book of tang dynasty, "rengang met the white river mouth of my people. The sea for Dan." This historical record shows that Japan suffered a great loss. The victory won by the allied forces of the tang dynasty and silla in the battle of baicunjiang directly affected the pattern and international order of east Asia at that time. The voice of the tang dynasty was formed in east Asia, which made Japan dare not to pick a quarrel for a long period of time.

In 1592, after toyotomi hideyoshi completed the unification of Japan, in order to expand overseas, he led his troops to attack Korea, trying to annex Korea first, and use Korea as a springboard to attack China and unify east Asia. Korea was then a vassal state of the Ming dynasty, so Korea asked the Ming authorities for military assistance. There were two wars of aggression, 1592-1593 and 1597-1598 respectively. In both wars, the Ming dynasty sent troops to reinforce the allied forces of China and Korea bravely resisted, and the Japanese invasion of Korea ended in failure. In the end of the second war, toyotomi hideyoshi died of illness, and the Japanese army suffered heavy losses, leading to domestic unrest.

The wanli Korean war was the second attempt by Japan to realize its aggressive ambition after the naval battle of shirakura river. More than two wars can be seen in the history of Japan in dominating the notion of east Asia, the failure of the two wars of aggression, and the loss of the war damage to Japan and deepened the resentment, Japanese inspired national original challenge, national revenge mental, for the formation of modern Japan international order that planted the seeds of revenge

In December 1871, more than 50 ryukyu fishermen were killed when a fishing boat from the ryukyu country was caught in a hurricane and drifted to Taiwan. Japan used this incident to claim that ryukyu fishermen were under Japanese control and sent 3,000 Japanese troops to land in southern Taiwan in May 1874, then launched a war of aggression against Taiwan. Qing government at this time, in the period of the demise of the western powers invaded unable to fight back, first the qing government sent secretary negotiate with Japan, but Japan has the backing of the British and French powers, the qing government under pressure, and in 1874 signed with Japan on October 31, the Beijing treaty, the treaty the qing government in recognition of "Taiwan is part of Japan's", China does not refer to think not. "And has forced the qing government to admit the ryukyu and people are people of Japan, Japan is part of Taiwan for the asylum country suffer people, also is indirectly admitted" ryukyu is Japanese territory ", but to give up the suzerainty of ryukyu, this to ryukyu ZongFan relations with China for a long time is a complete shock, in the future the ryukyu to the vassal state of China, as part of Japan's ryukyu islands in 1879, the occupation of ryukyu, and change the ryukyu offers "Okinawa" conditions, also marks the middle kingdom, China's "tributary system" begins to waver, Japan has achieved the modern concept of international order practice first.

In order to realize its dominance in east Asia, Japan began to challenge east Asian countries one by one. Before modern times, China had always enjoyed the exclusive status of "the superior state of heaven", with tributary tributary and conferment from neighboring countries. However, since the opium war of 1840, when western powers opened China's door, the "sino-foreign order" of China had been constantly shaken. In order to overthrow the "sino-foreign order", Japan excessively interfered in the internal affairs of Korea, a vassal state of China, which aroused the strong dissatisfaction of the qing authorities. Japan also took advantage of the decline of China, and with the support of Britain, China and Japan officially went to war on August 1, 1894. As a result, the beiyang navy founded by li hongzhang in the qing dynasty was completely wiped out in 1895. China was so defeated that it was forced to sign the unequal treaty of shimonoseki with Japan. This was the first time in history that China was defeated by the so-called "east barbarians", and the "Chinese barbarians' view of order" of China's heavenly kingdom was seriously hit. As stated in article 1 of the treaty of shimonoseki, China recognizes the independence of Korea, in effect, Japan's control of Korea. The long-term suzerain-vassal relationship between China and Korea was broken, and the sino-japanese system in east Asia completely collapsed. Since then, the strong and weak structure of China, Korea and Japan underwent fundamental changes, Japan carried out its view of international order to the end, and the political pattern in modern east Asia underwent fundamental changes.

The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century were at the stage when all the imperialist countries in the world were rampant in their struggle for colonies. With China near the great empire of tsarist Russia in northeastern China have been eyeing, however beat Japan in the sino-japanese war made the tsarist Russia affect Japan alert, and the shimonoseki, Japan has made China's sovereignty of the liaodong peninsula, and Russia want to conflict with the interests of the obtained, therefore Russia along with Germany and France after the sino-japanese war practice the "three kingdoms intervention still liao", Japan are under pressure to hand over the sovereignty of the liaodong peninsula. Later, Russia forced the qing government to sign the sino-russian secret treaty on the pretext of claiming credit, and Russia gained great benefits without any effort. 1900 Russia took advantage of the opportunity of the eight-power allied forces to suppress the boxer movement and occupied the northeast of China. This undoubtedly made Japan very angry and affected the practice of Japan's view of international order. After the intervention of the three countries to restore liao, Japan began to prepare for the war with Russia, which was inevitable. In 1904, with the support of Britain and the United States, Japan fought with Russia in northeast China on the pretext of "preserving China". The war ended in defeat for Russia and victory for Japan.

The russo-japanese war was a war of plunder launched by Japan and tsarist Russia in order to seize northeast China, which caused great damage to China. In China's territory, the qing government remained neutral and did not interfere, causing the people in northeast China to suffer the disaster and death of war. This time, Japan defeated the huge imperial Russia, which realized its long-cherished wish of "entering the European Union", thus making Japan one of the most powerful countries in the west. Many national newspapers in Britain have published the Japanese legend, in the eyes of westerners, Japan has become the east Asia in the world powers, the future of east Asia international order will be held by Japan, marked the international order of Japan since modern times to form received international recognition, Japan's Asian autocratic view on international order will become a reality.

To sum up, modern times were a time of take-off for Japan, but a time of humiliation for the rest of east Asia. Japan's view of international order formed in modern times has exerted profound influence on China and even the world.

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